Zoekresultaten

Promoting nurses' behaviour change in nutritional care

Malnutrition is a serious and widespread health problem in community-dwelling older adults who receive care in hospital and at home. Hospital and home care nurses and nursing assistants have a key role in the delivery of high-quality multidisciplinary nutritional care. Nursing nutritional care in current practice, however, is still suboptimal, which impacts its quality and continuity. There appear to be at least two reasons for this. First, there is a lack of evidence for nutritional care interventions to be carried out by nurses. Second, there are several factors, that influence nurses’ and nursing assistants’ current behaviour, such as lack of knowledge, moderate awareness of the importance and neutral attitudes. This results in a lack of attention towards nutritional care. Therefore, there is a need to generate more evidence and to focus on targeting the factors that influence nurses’ and nursing assistants’ current behaviour to eventually promote behaviour change. To increase the likelihood of successfully changing their behaviour, an evidence-based educational intervention is appropriate. This might lead to enhancing nutritional care and positively impact nutritional status, health and well-being of community-dwelling older adults. The general objectives of this thesis are: 1) To understand the current state of evidence regarding nutrition-related interventions and factors that influence current behaviour in nutritional care for older adults provided by hospital and home care nurses and nursing assistants to prevent and treat malnutrition. 2) To develop an educational intervention for hospital and home care nurses and nursing assistants to promote behaviour change by affecting factors that influence current behaviour in nutritional care for older adults and to describe the intervention development and feasibility.

Providing in-between meals during dialysis treatment contributes to an adequate protein and energy intake in hemodialysis patients

Adherence to resistance training and hypocaloric diet among persons near retirement age - A secondary data analysis of three randomized controlled trials

ObjectivesAdherence to lifestyle interventions is crucial for the treatment of obesity. However, there is little research about adherence to lifestyle interventions in persons around retirement age. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify factors associated with the adherence to resistance training and a hypocaloric diet and (2) to describe the association between adherence and changes in body composition outcome parameters.DesignThis secondary data analysis included three randomized controlled trials.Setting & participantsThe inclusion criteria of the participants were an age of 55–75 years, a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and receiving both a hypocaloric diet and resistance training. All participants were residing in the community.MeasurementsAdherence to hypocaloric diet was measured through the mean dietary intake on the basis of a 3-day dietary record. If the participant consumed at least 600 kcal less than the individual caloric requirements, they were considered adherent. Adherence to resistance training was achieved if ≥67% of the recommended training sessions were attended over the course of the study periods.Results232 participants were included, 47.0% female, mean age 64.0 (±5.5) years. 80.2% adhered to resistance training and 51.3% adhered to a hypocaloric diet. Older age (Beta 0.41; 95% CI 0.05, 0.78; p = 0.028) and male sex (Beta 7.7; 95% CI 3.6, 11; p < 0.001) were associated with higher resistance training adherence. A higher BMI at baseline (Beta 6.4; 95% CI 3.6, 9.2; p < 0.001) and male sex (Beta 65; 95% CI 41, 88; p < 0.001) were associated with higher adherence to hypocaloric diet.ConclusionWe identified several associated factors (sex, age and BMI at baseline) that should be considered to promote adherence in future lifestyle intervention studies in persons around retirement age. We recommend including behavior change techniques in lifestyle interventions and consider sex-specific interventions to improve the adherence of women.

Naar een optimaal voedingsbeleid op de intensive care

Inleiding: Wanneer patiënten op de intensive care (IC) worden gevoed met een ‘standaard’ hoeveelheid van een ‘standaard’ soort sondevoeding (2000 kcal, 80 g eiwit) wordt het merendeel van hen niet optimaal gevoed. Om de voedingstherapie te optimaliseren, is daarom op de IC van het VUmc in 2006 een voedingsadviesprogramma ontwikkeld op basis van een zogenoemd energie-eiwit-algoritme en is het assortiment sondevoedingen aangepast. In een simulatiestudie en evaluatiestudie onderzoeken we het effect van deze beleidsaanpassingen op de energie- en eiwitinname van IC-patiënten.Methoden: Simulatiestudie: Het patiëntencohort bestond uit een databestand van 879 IC-patiënten van het VUmc, opgenomen in de periode 2004-2009, bij wie het energieverbruik was gemeten met behulp van indirecte calorimetrie. Retrospectief werd uitgerekend hoeveel procent van de patiënten een optimale energie- en eiwitinneming (1,2-1,5 g/kg lichaamsgewicht) had als werd gevoed met 2 liter Nutrison Standaard (2000 kcal, 80 g eiwit). Vervolgens werd berekend hoeveel procent van de patiënten een optimale eiwitinneming had als Nutrison Standaard werd toegediend in een op de individuele energiebehoefte aangepaste dosering of als werd gevoed met energie- en/of eiwitverrijkte sondevoeding volgens het voedingsadviesprogramma.Evaluatiestudie: In deze studie werd geëvalueerd of de implementatie van het nieuwe beleid daadwerkelijk leidde tot een toename van het aantal patiënten dat optimaal gevoed werd conform de prestatie-indicator ondervoeding (eiwitinname >1,2 g/kg op de vierde dag van de IC-opname). Het databestand bestond uit historische gegevens over de eiwitinname van alle IC-patiënten op de vierde dag van IC-opname in de periode van 2006-2009.Resultaten: Simulatiestudie: Bij het virtueel voeden van het patiëntencohort met 2 liter Nutrison werden 37 patiënten (4%) adequaat gevoed. Bij op energiebehoefte aangepaste dosering van deze standaard sondevoeding hadden 120 patiënten (14%) een adequate eiwitinneming. Bij het voeden volgens het voedingsadviesprogramma waren dat er 782 (89%). Evaluatiestudie: Het daadwerkelijke aantal patiënten met een eiwitinname >1,2 g/kg op de vierde dag van de IC-opname nam na implementatie van het voedingsadviesprogramma geleidelijk toe van 30% naar bijna 60%.Conclusie: Door introductie van een geïndividualiseerd voedingsadviesprogramma op basis van een‘energie-eiwit-algoritme’ kan in theorie ongeveer 90% van de IC-patiënten optimaal (qua energie en eiwit) worden gevoed. In de praktijk is het percentage goed (qua eiwit) gevoede patiënten in de loop der jaren gestegen van 30 naar 60%.

Energy intake and expenditure in obese older adults with and without type 2 diabetes

Rationale: Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (DM2), however not all obese people develop DM2. We explored differences in energy intake and expenditure between obese older adults with and without DM2. Methods: Baseline data from 2 lifestyle interventions with a total of 202 obese older adults were included in the analyses. Obesity was defined as BMI > 30.0, or >27.0 with waist circumference >88 (women) or >102 cm (men). DM2 was confirmed by use of diabetes medication. Subjects were between 55 and 85 years old and 45% was female. Energy intake (EI) was measured by 3-day food diary and physical activity level (PAL) by 3-day movement diary. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry and total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated as REE x PAL. Between group differences were analysed with independent samples T-tests. Results: The obese group with DM2 (n = 117) had more males (67.5% vs 37.6% p < 0.001) and similar BMI (33.3 vs 33.0 kg/m2) compared to the group without DM2 (n = 85). Analyses of males and females separately showed lower PAL in males with DM2 (vs without DM2; 1.37 vs 1.45, p = 0.015), without differences in EI (2055 vs 1953 kcal/d), REE (1970 vs 1929 kcal/d), and TEE (2699 vs 2830 kcal/d). In females with DM2, both PAL (1.38 vs 1.47, p = 0.014) and EI (1543 vs 1839 kcal/d, p = 0.008) were significantly lower, whereas REE (1592 vs 1598 kcal/d) and TEE (2220 vs 2318 kcal/d) did not differ significantly from obese females without DM2. Conclusion: In both males and females, obese older adults with type 2 diabetes showed similar resting and total energy expenditure but lower physical activity level compared to those without DM2. Females with DM2 showed lower energy intake. On average, subjects seem to have a negative energy balance, which is probably due to a combination of underreporting of intake and over-reporting of activity.