Fostering Conceptual Understanding of Parallel Circuits Behaviour by Constructing Qualitative Representations

Understanding the behaviour of parallel circuits is challenging for many students. In this paper, we present a lesson designed to support students in learning about parallel circuits by constructing a qualitative representation. Qualitative representations are non-numerical models that focus on causal relationships and system states, aligning closely with human reasoning. The lesson consists of three units that help students understand both the specific system behaviour of parallel circuits and develop general qualitative reasoning skills. Students are guided through the modeling process using a structured workbook containing explanations and reflection prompts, and by built-in support functions within the modelling software. Results show that students make frequent use of these support functions and that most students are able to successfully construct a correct qualitative representation by the end of the lesson. This approach illustrates how learning through model construction can deepen conceptual understanding of system behaviour.