The upscaling of biphasic photochemical reactions is challenging because of the inherent constraints of liquid-gas mixing and light penetration. Using semi-permeable coaxial flow chemistry within a modular photoreactor, the photooxidation of the platform chemical furfural was scaled up to produce routinely 29 gram per day of biobased building block hydroxybutenolide, a precursor to acrylate alternatives.
DOCUMENT
Het lectoraat Innoverend ondernemen verbonden aan De Haagse Hogeschool heeft op 12 november 2015 een seminar georganiseerd over nieuwe businessmodellen en de nieuwe economie. Van deze dag hebben we een verslag gemaakt middels deze uitgave. Een interessant naslagwerk voor alle ruim 150 deelnemers van dit seminar, die kunnen teruglezen wat ze deze dag hebben geleerd, maar ook kunnen leren van de workshops waarin ze niet hebben geparticipeerd. Daarnaast is deze uitgave leerzaam voor iedereen die geïnteresseerd is in nieuwe businessmodellen vanuit verschillende perspectieven, waarin theorie en praktijk samen komen.
DOCUMENT
Closed loop or ‘circular’ production systems known as Circular Economy and Cradle to Cradle represent a unique opportunity to radically revise the currently wasteful system of production. One of the challenges of such systems is that circular products need to be both produced locally with minimum environmental footprint and simultaneously satisfy demand of global consumers. This article presents a literature review that describes the application of circular methodologies to education for sustainability, which has been slow to adopt circular systems to the curriculum. This article discusses how Bachelor and Master-level students apply their understanding of these frameworks to corporate case studies. Two assignment-related case studies are summarized, both of which analyze products that claim to be 'circular'. The students' research shows that the first case, which describes the impact of a hybrid material soda bottle, does not meet circularity criteria. The second case study, which describes products and applications of a mushroom-based material, is more sustainable. However, the students' research shows that the manufacturers have omitted transport from the environmental impact assessment and therefore the mushroom materials may not be as sustainable as the manufacturers claim. As these particular examples showed students how green advertising can be misleading, applying “ideal” circularity principles as part of experiential learning could strengthen the curriculum. Additionally, this article recommends that sustainable business curriculum should also focus on de-growth and steady-state economy, with these radical alternatives to production becoming a central focus of education of responsible citizens. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.005 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
MULTIFILE
Understanding taste is key for optimizing the palatability of seaweeds and other non-animal-based foods rich in protein. The lingual papillae in the mouth hold taste buds with taste receptors for the five gustatory taste qualities. Each taste bud contains three distinct cell types, of which Type II cells carry various G protein-coupled receptors that can detect sweet, bitter, or umami tastants, while type III cells detect sour, and likely salty stimuli. Upon ligand binding, receptor-linked intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins initiate a cascade of downstream events which activate the afferent nerve fibers for taste perception in the brain. The taste of amino acids depends on the hydrophobicity, size, charge, isoelectric point, chirality of the alpha carbon, and the functional groups on their side chains. The principal umami ingredient monosodium l-glutamate, broadly known as MSG, loses umami taste upon acetylation, esterification, or methylation, but is able to form flat configurations that bind well to the umami taste receptor. Ribonucleotides such as guanosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate strongly enhance umami taste when l-glutamate is present. Ribonucleotides bind to the outer section of the venus flytrap domain of the receptor dimer and stabilize the closed conformation. Concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, arginate, and other compounds in food products may enhance saltiness and overall flavor. Umami ingredients may help to reduce the consumption of salts and fats in the general population and increase food consumption in the elderly.
MULTIFILE
Om de klimaat- en circulaire doelstellingen te halen moet de kunststof/plasticsector in de komende decennia sterk verduurzamen . Voor de producenten van polyesters liggen hier veel mogelijkheden. In tegenstelling tot bijvoorbeeld polyolefines kunnen veel polyesters goed chemisch naar de monomere bouwstenen worden gerecycled. Verder is al een aantal monomeren (isosorbide, 1,3-propaandiol, succinaat, FDCA, etc.) op de markt die afkomstig zijn uit hernieuwbare grondstoffen en gebruikt kunnen worden in de synthese. Toch bestaat er vanuit de industrie een sterke behoefte aan nieuwe biobased monomeren die niet alleen de abiotische/petrochemische monomeren kunnen vervangen maar ook nieuwe eigenschappen, inclusief biodegradeerbaarheid, brandwerendheid, aan polyesters kunnen toevoegen. In dit project wordt beoogd om de in literatuur beschreven verbinding furan 2,5-dipropionic acid (methylester) te synthetiseren, dit vervolgens te optimaliseren en op te schalen naar grotere hoeveelheden (20-100 g). Het furan 2,5-dipropionic acid (FDPA) kan via een drie-staps synthese worden verkregen uit de biobased building blocks furfural en levulinezuur Beide verbindingen worden op commerciële schaal gesynthetiseerd uit verschillende biogrondstoffen maar zijn ook, zoals recent aangetoond door de Hanzehogeschool in een lopend GoChem project, te synthetiseren uit hooi. De verbinding zal vervolgens als co-monomeer in een aantal verschillende polycondensaties worden ingebouwd en op een aantal parameters (ratio, Tg, Tm, Mwt,) worden geanalyseerd om inzicht te krijgen in de structuureigenschappen en het commercieel perspectief van dit nieuwe type co-polymeren.
The Cashing Cashew project focuses on isolation and purification of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) from Cashew Nut Shells (CNS) in order to fully utilize this valuable by-product of the cashew nut production. Global cashew nut production is about 4 million mt/ tons/yr. Of the cashew nut, about 70 % is shell that is removed in processing and currently typically burned as a dirty and inefficient fuel or discarded as waste. This is not only creating an environmental issue but also wasting valuable by-products. The shell contains circa 20-30 % brown viscous liquid, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL). This natural resin contains valuable chemical components, for example, cardanol, cardol, and anacardic acid. CNSL and its derivatives have several industrial uses as for example biobased additives, polymeric building blocks, and biodiesel. Part of the CNSL can be extracted during the roasting process prior to separating the shell and nut kernel. The shell waste still has a high CNSL concentration that can be isolated by solvents or pressing (expeller). Expeller process is simple and not capital-intensive; therefore it is commonly used. The main disadvantages of the method are the high energy consumption and that 3-5 % oil remains in the press-cake producing harmful gases in burning. Also, the resulting cake is too dense to be further processed to charcoal or other useful application. The objective of this project is to study the purification of the CNSL obtained from pyrolytic isolation to find the most efficient way of making use of the CNSL oil and the total Cashew Nut Shell biomass. An initial evaluation of potential applications is also performed.
Introduction The research group Biobased Resources & Energy (BRE) of Avans focusses on recovery of valuable building blocks from low-value solid and liquid residual streams from agriculture, households and industries. For the valorisation of these residual streams, BRE looks into different biological, chemical and mechanical processes. One of the main issues in the utilisation of residual streams is economic feasibility and the recovery of multiple resources from one residual stream. Using membrane technologies in combination with biological, chemical and/or mechanical processes could offer great opportunities. Central Research Question What is the applicability of membrane technologies for valorisation of different residual streams and is it possible to integrate membrane technology in current and new biorefining projects of research group BRE: Set-up In order to reach the goal of this postdoc, 4 research questions will be answered using literature search, experimentation and modelling: 1) What membrane methods are currently (commercially) available to enhance the results of current projects in research group BRE? 2) What are the essential technical parameters for membrane separation and how can these be optimized? 3) What is the economic impact of using membrane technology in recovery of valuable building blocks from residual streams? 4) What are the effects of using membranes instead of or complementary to currently used methods on the sustainability of valorisation of residual streams? Cooperation The postdoc and the research group BRE want to extend the contact and research cooperation with (regional) businesses and (applied) universities and support and facilitate the introduction and further development of membrane technologies in the curriculum of different Avans study programmes. This will be done via internships, minor projects (together with businesses) and development of study material for courses and trainings.
Weipermeaat is een reststroom vanuit de zuivelindustrie en heeft op basis van zijn samenstelling een lage waarde in de veevoermarkt maar biedt wel perspectieven voor de basischemie: het bevat grote hoeveelheden suikers (lactose). Eén van de mogelijke manieren om de waarde van het weipermeaat te vergroten is middels fermentatie richting biobased building blocks zoals ethanol. De gist Kluyveromyces marxianus kan efficiënt lactose omzetten in ethanol waarbij tevens single cell protein (SCP) wordt geproduceerd. In dit project zal een haalbaarheidsstudie worden uitgevoerd waarin oplossingen worden onderzocht voor de bestaande praktische uitdagingen bij de productie van ethanol op weipermeaat waaronder een hoge zoutconcentratie. Ook zal er onderzoek gedaan worden naar de toepassing van bijproducten. Op basis van de resultaten zal een evaluatie van de business case plaatsvinden waarbij zowel ethanol productie als de verhoging van de nutritionele restwaarde door SCP-productie wordt meegenomen. In het samenwerkingsverband is deskundigheid aanwezig in de hele keten vanaf de weipermeaat reststromen (Looop BV) en fermentatie met gisten (HAN BioCentre) tot aan toepassing (Beethanol BV en de Fachhochschule Münster). Het project zal deels worden uitgevoerd door studenten vanuit de HAN University of Applied Science.
About half of the polymeric materials used for polymer-based 3D printing are cross-linked photopolymers (thermosets) that are made from fossil raw materials and are not recyclable, repairable or reprocessable. Given the growth of the 3D printing market combined with societal concerns surrounding plastic waste, there is an increasing demand from the field for sustainable, circular 3D printing materials. This project, building on "GOCH.KIEM.KGC02.022", will work on the sustainability of thermoset polymers for 3D printing. Different aspects of sustainability will be addressed along the entire value chain: - Biomass as feedstock: e.g. CO2, lignin or fatty acid-based raw materials (Cargill). - Sustainable, safe and scalable flow chemistry processes for the synthesis of the biobased building blocks (ZUYD, HANZE, Chemtrix). - Design of thermoset photopolymers with dynamic bonds (vitrimers), e.g. polymethacrylates with imine (UM) and ester bonds (RUG). Dynamic bonds in vitrimers, under the influence of a stimulus such as temperature, can give rise to a material that is processable like a thermoplastic, opening the way to recycling, repair or reprocessing of thermosets. - Circularity of materials in 3D printing processes: the developed building blocks will be used for 3D printing prototypes, characterized by a short lifespan, via stereolithography (NHLS, Liqcreate). These prototypes will then be recycled into monofilaments/granulates for extrusion-based 3D printing (FDM) (NHLS, Ultimaker, CHILL). The market potential of the reprinted materials will be explored by our network partners (Binder3D, CHILL) who search the best applications. Additional project partners will be attracted to show via demonstrators that different 3D printing processes can be successfully completed with the same material. The materials developed in this project thus offer the field a practical solution to the sustainability challenges associated with the rapid market growth of 3D printed materials.
