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3White paper: Financing the circular economy in the tourism sector For SMEs in tourism, a transition to a circular economy can often be costly. Crowdfunding is a promising financing approach for a circular economy in tourism as it can help avoid the bureaucratic and often complex funding application procedures as well as the possible absence of appropriate loans and grants. It is essential, however, for entrepreneurs to follow guidance on how to initiate, develop and propose a crowdfunding campaign. In addition, the white paper has also highlighted the importance of creating and promoting a destination-based crowdfunding platform. Such a platform would allow the destination to create a collective effort and potentially joint crowdfunding campaigns, target tourists and communities, and ultimately promote the destination and its sustainability successes. Entrepreneurs should also consider different aspects after the implementation of the circular project, this for instance may include assessing the benefits of the circular project and communicating these to the funders and all customers. Such communication would ensure support for future campaigns, and a sense of participation in a successful project by the funders and it would also enhance customer experience. Local authorities can have a pivotal role in both cases, when a destination-based platform is created and used, and when entrepreneurs use existing crowdfunding platforms. Authorities can for example provide technical and financial support to SMEs to develop a circular project and can provide promotional support to the campaigns potentially reaching a wider audience through the destination website and by using social media. Tourism is very much a fashion-based industry, and, as such, it needs to have effective marketing. It is increasingly known that sustainability can be a marketing asset for a destination. The circular economy, as a concept, is not well-known, partly because it is new. The wider concept of sustainable tourism is not fully understood by the market, even after its emergence and first implementation nearly forty years ago (Bausch et al., 2021). Steps should be taken to explain and market the concept of the circular economy as often as possible, using a multi-media marketing strategy. The issue of governance might need to be considered if the circular economy is undertaken by a partnership of several SMEs, by an entire destination, or even perhaps by several destinations in one region. It is to ensure equity between partners, maximise benefits, and publicise the benefits of the process. Evidence for the need for effective governance comes from the now abundant experience obtained from efforts to implement sustainable tourism strategies (Bramwell, 2011; Bramwell & Lane, 1993; Bramwell et al., 2017). To conclude: crowdfunding for a circular economy in tourism has the potential to raise essential funds for SMEs that cannot easily be accessed through more conventional financing options, but as in using every funding channel, it requires time and resources to be successful. This white paper provides initial guidance to tourism entrepreneurs that are seeking to engage in fundraising for their circular projects.
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This lessons learned report gives an overview of the output and results of the first phase of the REDUCES project. The introduction states the relevance of combining a policy approach with business model analysis, and defines the objectives. Next, an overview is given of circular economy good business practices in the regions involved. Examining these business practices helped to define the regional needs for circular economy policy. This business approach proved to be a solid base for developing regional circular economy action plans, the last chapter of this report.
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This article investigates the phenomenon of rebound effects in relation to a transition to a Circular Economy (CE) through qualitative inquiry. The aim is to gain insights in manifestations of rebound effects by studying the Dutch textile industry as it transitions to a circular system, and to develop appropriate mitigation strategies that can be applied to ensure an effective transition. The rebound effect, known originally from the energy efficiency literature, occurs when improvements in efficiency or other technological innovations fail to deliver on their environmental promise due to (behavioral) economic mechanisms. The presence of rebound in CE contexts can therefore lead to the structural overstatement of environmental benefits of certain innovations, which can influence reaching emission targets and the preference order of recycling. In this research, the CE rebound effect is investigated in the Dutch textile industry, which is identified as being vulnerable to rebound, yet with a positive potential to avoid it. The main findings include the very low awareness of this effect amongst key stakeholders, and the identification of specific and general instances of rebound effects in the investigated industry. In addition, the relation of these effects to Circular Business Models and CE strategies are investigated, and placed in a larger context in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding about the place and role of this effect in the transition. This concerns the necessity for a new approach to how design has been practiced traditionally, and the need to place transitional developments in a systems perspective. Propositions that serve as theory-building blocks are put forward and include suggestions for further research and recommendations about dealing with rebound effects and shaping an eco-effective transition. Thomas Siderius, Kim Poldner, Reconsidering the Circular Economy Rebound effect: Propositions from a case study of the Dutch Circular Textile Valley, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 293, 2021, 125996, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125996.
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This report describes the Utrecht regio with regard to sustainability and circular business models.
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A rise in global population and welfare is depleting the earth’s resources and challenging the current predominantly linear economy, following a take-make-waste pattern, calling upon a shift towards a more circular economy (Bastein and Willems, 2019; Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2013; Lüdeke-Freund et al., 2019). The Dutch government and the European Union have set the goal/ambition to become fully circular by 2050 thus striving towards a cleaner economy and reducing the dependency on scarce resources (European Commission, 2020; Government of Netherlands, 2016).
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White paper: Accelerating the adoption of the circular economy in the tourism and leisure sector: the 3-M Framework as the foundation of circular entrepreneurship The white paper proposed several recommendations that could be considered by tourism entrepreneurs to accelerate their adoption of circular economy solutions.The white paper proposed several recommendations that could be considered by tourism entrepreneurs to accelerate their adoption of circular economy solutions. Firstly, the white paper suggested that the entrepreneurs need to establish their own take on the meanings and purpose of being circular. This is essential in motivating their willingness to adopt circular solutions. Entrepreneurs’ meaning was associated with the entrepreneurs’ knowledge and concern with global challenges and their understanding of the many benefits that circular economy solutions can generate, both for the business, destination and for the global community. Yet, while it is the role of public sector led planning stakeholders to develop and promote awareness programmes, tourism entrepreneurs can still adopt actions that improve their understanding of challenges and the role of the circular economy. These actions were associated with the entrepreneurs’ effort to master their skills for a circular economy, such as by improving their understanding of the environmental footprint of their business operations, what circular economy solutions can be implemented, their benefits, and how they can be successfully managed. Moreover, it was deemed relevant – to the successful implementation and management of circular economy solutions - for the entrepreneurs to identify and prioritise sustainable promotional channels. Moreover, where necessary, it was highlighted the need to appoint a circular economy manager or extend responsibilities of existing staff, find and access alternative financing options, and support awareness campaigns on the circular economy within the organisation and the destination community. The white paper concluded by suggesting the importance for entrepreneurs to be part of innovative networks and communities which would allow them to gain and share knowledge and implement and manage circular economy solutions at the destination level. Therefore, working together is crucial for a successful circular economy in destinations. This white paper is the last of a series of three white papers published by the 2Seas Interreg project FACET. A First white paper provided recommendations to local authorities on how to support tourism entrepreneurs, and especially SMEs, in the implementation of circular solutions, and a second white paper, mainly targeted towards tourism SMEs presented reward-based crowdfunding as one of the available financing options to fund the implementation of a circular economy in tourist destinations.
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This paper explores research at the intersection between family businesses and the circular economy, highlighting the potential alignment of family businesses with non-financial considerations and broader concepts of sustainability. This preliminary research found that family businesses recognise ‘community’, ‘values’, and ‘motivation’, concepts that are important to a circular economy, suggesting an alignment between the two.
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This document combines four reports on existing regional business support programmes for inclusion or understanding of circular economy (CE) objectives, deliverable DT3.1.2 from the transform-CE project. Besides a general overview on national and regional level, the focus is on a selection of national and regional programmes aimed at the plastics industry. After explaining the format to structure the programmes, the results for the four regions are presented: Greater Manchester (UK), Rhineland Palatinate and North-Rhine Westphalia (DE), Wallonia (BE), Central Netherlands (NL).
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This paper presents findings on the paradigmatic nature of business model development emerging from embedded, transdisciplinary research in a primarily linear economic context in the Netherlands. Reflecting on the author’s critical ethnographic inputs from long-term operational research in a circular economic context and the sociological nature of community, new theory is proposed showing the paradigmatic matching of individuals and conglomerates with a linear economic outlook and persons and communities with a circular economic outlook.
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The transformation of our linear economy into a circular economy poses a formidable challenge. This publication offers a concise overview of six potential ‘gateways to circularity’. ‘Gateways’, as each of them can provide a starting point or entrance for research and educational institutions and businesses alike to actively take part in the transformation to a circular economy by leveraging their particular expertise, be it design, engineering, material sciences, information technology, business theory or the arts. Each chapter is illustrated with a selection of cases of circular design research projects and pioneering business ventures in the Netherlands.
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