ZoekresultatenZoekresultaten
Volg ons op
Volg ons op
Types
0Instelling
26Bestandstype
9Taal
5Publicatiejaar
12Thema's
14Producttype
14Publicaties met bestand / URL
2Projectstatus
3The construction and demolition is a resource intensive sector, with Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDWs) considered as the largest waste streams accounting for 374 million tonnes in Europe. Although the 70% target for material recovery of CDWs set in the European Union Waste Directive Framework has been achieved by most European countries, the majority of these Circular Economy (CE) practices are through backfilling and downcycling [1]. This poses opportunities for improving the circular practices in CDWs.
With the increasing population and urbanization, cities have important role in realizing the CE ambitions for three reasons. These are (1) CE is incorporated in policy frameworks focusing on closing material loops in production and consumption in cities [2]; (2) City governments have the capabilities and resources to transition towards circularity of CDWs; and (3) City governments serve as the link between various stakeholders such as citizens, companies, and knowledge institutes, and therefore can drive changes towards the city.
This study analyzes how four European cities namely Riga, Tartu, Barcelona, and Kavala use different forms of governance to address the challenges and barriers and ultimately increase the circularity in CDWs. The methodology is qualitative, multiple case study using interviews, city reports, site visits, and validation workshop. Results show that cities deploy various forms of governance to address barriers and speed up the transition to a circular economy. These include contracting waste management companies, collaborating in local and international projects, fines for improper waste separation and illegal dumping, subsidies for recycled materials, and green procurement. Despite the use of different forms of governance, the majority of CE practices in the city are still focus on recycling and recovery, which is the lowest degree of circular practices. There is also an increasing focus on middle-level activities, such as repair and remanufacture, as well as on high-level activities such as rethink and reduce, yet these activities are mostly small scale and experimental. Therefore, cities are still learning on the process and have potential to further explore and integrate higher level circular practices.
The implications of this study for city governments include to (1) set stricter standards for circular procurement, (2) collaborate and establish strategic (long-term) partnerships between universities, citizen groups, NGOs and businesses, and (3) provide creative spaces for developing and implementing circular ideas.
MULTIFILE
Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) is the main driver of resource consumption and waste generation in Europe. Although most European countries achieved 70% recovery rate of CDW, the majority is used for backfilling. Therefore, opportunities for Circular Economy (CE) practices in CDW management are underexploited. This research identifies the innovative practices, barriers, and enablers for developing tailored-made designs of Urban Resource Centre (URC) for managing CDWs in four European cities namely Riga, Tartu, Kavala, and Barcelona. Qualitative methods using multiple case studies were used to draw generalizations from cases. Data was collected from reports and interviews with different stakeholders, and a validation workshop for designing URC of each city. Current innovative practices include recycling and upcycling of CDWs; use of green points, exchange platforms, and waste management apps; repair cafés; selective demolition; and (pilot) initiatives on resource centers that function as material exchange point, recycling center, workstation for repair and creative ideas, and prototyping hub, among others. The identified barriers and enablers can be categorized as governmental, market, and individual factors. First, local governments (municipalities) play a key role for facilitating CDW management via both support such as provision of subsidies, green procurement, and mandatory waste sorting, and through strict regulatory requirements. Second, URCs must be locally rooted with inclusion of citizens, grass roots initiatives, and schools/universities to increase community acceptance, awareness, and education on CDW management. Third, partnerships with local stakeholders, such as repair cafes, waste management companies, and local NGOs, is needed to operate the URCs both in short- and long-terms. And fourth, the creation of niche markets such as linking localism (e.g. locally crafted CE stores) and supplying to businesses in need of CDWs, can support the operation of URCs. The identified barriers and enablers can help further improve the design of URCs for each city.
MULTIFILE
From a circular standpoint it is interesting to reuse as much as possible construction and demolition waste (CDW) into new building projects. In most cases CDW will not be directly reusable and will need to be processed and stored first. In order to turn this into a successful business case CDW will need to be reused on a large scale. In this paper we present the concept of a centralized and coordinated location in the City of Utrecht where construction and demolition waste is collected, sorted, worked, stored for reuse, or shipped elsewhere for further processing in renewed materials. This has expected advantages for the amount of material reuse, financial advantages for firms and clients, generating employability in the logistics and processing of materials, optimizing the transport and distribution of materials through the city, and thus the reduction of emissions and congestion. In the paper we explore the local facility of a Circular Hub, and the potential effects on circular reuse, and other effects within the City of Utrecht.
DOCUMENT
From the article: "ABSTRACT: The research group Supply Chain Redesign in the Built Environment of HU University of Applied Sciences is working on research that combines principles of the circular economy with open source architectural design & urban planning. The aim is finding new ways to re-use demolition waste and recycled materials in small scale urban area developments. And to “democratize” traditional processes in the built environment. Different recent studies have shown the potential benefits, such as a reduction of emissions. In “Hof van Cartesius”, a practical case-study in Utrecht, the ambitions and implications of this approach are being questioned, investigated and tested."
DOCUMENT
WHITE PAPER: Five Essentials For Successful Circular Bio-Based Construction Initiatives This first publication of the CBCI project (Circular Bio-based Construction Industry) is a practical guide aimed at real estate professionals, (public) property owners and developers. This White Paper will discuss some of the challenges surrounding bio-based and circularity such as; price competition from virgin material alternatives, confidence in quality, hazardous material substance (when reusing in a circular context), lack of existing building data as well as the time delay between building and deconstruction. Next to this, the White Paper aims to illustrate how one could be more successful at taking circular and bio-based construction initiatives. The learnings from interviews and desk research are put together in five essentials, which are explained and illustrated by insights, exemplary projects (case studies) and readily applicable solutions. These five essentials form the outline of this White Paper: 1. AFFORDABLE cost-effective & inclusive reuse, 2. FLEXIBLE prepare for future functions, 3. PASSIVE stay cool & healthy with bio-based materials, 4. INTEGRAL continuously reflect on circular bio-based benefits & 5. TRADITIONAL OWNERSHIP keep it, simple. The thirteen exemplary cases explored for the creation of this White Paper show that it is possible to adopt circular and bio-based construction initiatives. However, it is not always easy and requires perseverance as well as leadership. Therefore, the five essentials and cases in this white paper can be used as inspiration and could help real estate professionals, property owners, developers and other interested parties in the construction sector to realise affordable and feasible circular bio-based constructions. By focusing on the essentials, one could prevent valuable resources (including energy) going to waste, today and in the future.
DOCUMENT
Alternative business models have a hard time setting foot in the construction industry due to attractive interest rates of mortgages as well as the long life times of buildings. Developing new buildings is a significant investment for property owners and developers. As a result caution is naturally taken to stay within budget and reducing costs. Despite of the focus on costs, the value of circularity is often discredited during decision-making. The author intends to give circularity a stronger vote in the decision-making process by making its value explicit with circular value calculators specifically developed for this purpose. This paper and the calculators came about by desk research and co-creation sessions with varying stakeholders involved in the Dutch and Belgian construction industries. Co-creation sessions were organized to iteratively create a decision support tool that helps initiators in the building sector calculate and approximate the value of circularity, simply by doing it. Benchmarks appeared to be a helpful tool for initiators to make decisions and relative estimates with more ease. Stakeholders with a financial responsibility can more easily be engaged by the use of calculators. Participants enjoyed being able to directly see the impact of changing a parameter to the outcome, such as Circular Value. The efforts have resulted in two finalized calculators: the End of Life- and Flexibility Calculators. Those can be accessed and used by initiators and other stakeholders in the construction industry for free. The calculators are planned to be further tested and improved with the broader construction industry.
DOCUMENT
