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3In On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects (1958), French philosopher Gilbert Simondon noticed that humans were losing their reciprocal connection with technology. We push buttons without understanding what’s happening ‘inside’ the machine – whether it’s a light switch or a smartphone. ‘For Simondon, restoring this mutual relationship would be a means for developing a technological culture’, says computer scientist and philosopher Yuk Hui. Revealing the different structures of a technology, which are ‘inside’ the machine, can reduce technical alienation. ‘An individual technical object can’t exist without a wider associated milieu’, states Hui. Thus, we need to look at its mechanisms, infrastructures and physical manifestations.
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Metaverse, a burgeoning technological trend that combines virtual and augmented reality, provides users with a fully digital environment where they can assume a virtual identity through a digital avatar and interact with others as they were in the real world. Its applications span diverse domains such as economy (with its entry into the cryptocurrency field), finance, social life, working environment, healthcare, real estate, and education. During the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 era, universities have rapidly adopted e-learning technologies to provide students with online access to learning content and platforms, rendering previous considerations on integrating such technologies or preparing institutional infrastructures virtually obsolete. In light of this context, the present study proposes a framework for analyzing university students' acceptance and intention to use metaverse technologies in education, drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study aims to investigate the relationship between students' intention to use metaverse technologies in education, hereafter referred to as MetaEducation, and selected TAM constructs, including Attitude, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Self-efficacy of metaverse technologies in education, and Subjective Norm. Notably, Self-efficacy and Subjective Norm have a positive influence on Attitude and Perceived Usefulness, whereas Perceived Ease of Use does not exhibit a strong correlation with Attitude or Perceived Usefulness. The authors postulate that the weak associations between the study's constructs may be attributed to limited knowledge regarding MetaEducation and its potential benefits. Further investigation and analysis of the study's proposed model are warranted to comprehensively understand the complex dynamics involved in the acceptance and utilization of MetaEducation technologies in the realm of higher education
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The last trend in technology is the upcoming Metaverse [1]. Metaverse represents a combination of virtual and augmented technology. With this technology, users will be able to immerse into a fully digital environment by obtaining a virtual identity through a digital avatar and acting as this was the real world. They can meet other users, shop, buy real estate, visit bars and restaurants, even flirt. Metaverse can be applied in several aspects of life such as (among others): Economy (Metaverse is entering into the cryptocurrency field), finance [2], social life, working environment, healthcare, real estate [3], and education [4]. In the last 2 and a half years, during the COVID-19 pandemic, universities made immediate use of e-learning technologies, providing students with access to online learning content and platforms. Previous considerations on how to better integrate the technology to universities or how the institutions can be better prepared in terms of infrastructures were vanished almost immediately due to the necessity of immediate actions towards the need for social distance and global health [5]. The present study proposes a framework for university students’ metaverse technologies in education acceptance and intention to use. The study is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) [6, 7]. The objectives of the study are to analyze the relationship of students’ intention to use metaverse in education technologies (hereafter named MetaEducation) in correlation with selected constructs of TAM such as: Attitude (ATT), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PE), Self-efficacy (SE) of the metaverse technologies in education, and Subjective Norm (SN). The present study develops a structural model of MetaEducation acceptance. This model will be useful to universities’ managers, policymakers and professors to better incorporate the upcoming metaverse technology. The present study tests (if supported) the correlations among the aforementioned constructs. Preliminary results show a hesitance to use MetaEducation technologies from university students. Self-efficacy and Subjective Norm affect Attitude and Perceived Usefulness positively, but on the other side, there is no strong correlation between Perceived Ease of Use and Attitude or Perceived Usefulness and Attitude. Authors believe that the weak ties among the studies constructs have to do with the lack of knowledge of what really MetaEducation really is, and which are its advantages of use.
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David van Overbeek (De Nieuwe Wereld) in gesprek met lector New Finance en mede-oprichter van Stichting Ons Geld Martijn Jeroen van der Linden. “Als je een veilige haven creëert voor geld dan worden banken gedwongen zich verantwoorder te financieren.” Van der Linden houdt zich bezig met de toekomst van ons geldstelsel. Daartoe heeft hij enkele jaren geleden ‘Ons Geld’ opgericht. “Ik probeer met de stichting Ons Geld al langer dit onderwerp op de politieke agenda te zetten.” Dat is van groot belang, zo stelt Van der Linden. “De inrichting van het geldstelsel is bepalend voor de inrichting van de economie, en misschien wel van de hele maatschappij.” In dit gesprek vertelt Van der Linden dat in de jaren na de financiële crisis van 2008 nauwelijks een fundamentele discussie over het systeem als geheel is gevoerd. Het ging vaak over details, zoals exorbitante beloningen en de buffers van banken, maar de fundamenten werden naar zijn smaak te weinig in vraag gesteld. “Eigenlijk zouden we het systeem zelf moeten bediscussiëren, op een niveau hoger. Wie zouden er in deze wereld geld moeten of mogen creëren? [..] Waarom is dat geen publieke taak?” Onder andere in z’n position paper dat hij afgelopen jaar schreef, zet Van der Linden de kernzaken van een nieuw systeem uiteen. Hij pleit voor geldscheppende centrale banken, digitaal geld in publieke vorm en het liberaliseren en dereguleren van banken. “Als je een veilige haven creëert voor geld dan worden banken gedwongen zich verantwoorder te financieren.” Dat is volgens Van der Linden evenwel geen eenvoudige taak. “Het moeilijkste is om het politiek te maken. Er [moet] in de Tweede Kamer en het Europarlement een debat gevoerd worden over hoe we wij ons financiële en monetaire stelsel willen inrichten in het digitale tijdperk.”
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This book brings together voices from various fields of intellectual inquiry, based on the idea that technological, legal and societal aspects of the information sphere are interlinked and co-dependent from each other. In order to tackle the existing gap in shared semantics, this glossary converges the efforts of experts from various disciplines to build a shared vocabulary on the social, technical, economic, political aspects of decentralised, distributed or sovereign technologies: artefacts which seek to challenge the techno-social status quo by, for example, circumventing law enforcement, resisting surveillance, or being participative.
The idea ofthis glossary arose from the need for a workable, flexible and multidisciplinary resource for terminological clarity, which reflects instead of denying complexity. Situating the terms emerging through technology development in the wider context of multidisciplinary scientific, policy and political discourses, this glossary provides a conceptual toolkit for the study of the various political, economic, legal and technical struggles that decentralised, encryption-based, peer-to-peer technologies bring about and go through.
Choosing relevant technology-related terms and understanding them is to investigate their affordances within a given ecosystem of actors, discourses and systems of incentives. This requires an interdisciplinary, multi-layered approach that is attentive to the interlinkages between technological design nuances and socio-political, economic implications.
The glossary was envisioned as a long-term collaborative project, and as a work-in-progress, as new entries are periodically added over time. The present book collects the entries published on the Internet Policy Review between 2021 and 2023. Therefore, it represents the first volume of what hopefully will be a long-term, ever-evolving editorial collaboration, whose sources of inspiration and goals evolve with the evolving of the broader discussions on decentralized technologies.
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Lector Martijn van der Linden hield een lezing op Betweter Festival. In 15 minuten vertelt hij over hoe het geldsysteem anders kan én moet. Want heeft geld nu wel of niet zijn beste tijd gehad?
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Veiligheid is de effectieve bescherming van mensen tegen aantasting van hun lichamelijke en geestelijke integriteit. Uitzondering daarop zijn ziekten waarvan geen externe oorzaak bekend is. Die tasten wel de lichamelijke of geestelijke integriteit aan, maar zijn een medisch probleem. Wanneer de medische wetenschap een externe oorzaak identificeert (bijv. asbest, roken, fijnstof), wordt het alsnog een veiligheidsprobleem. Veiligheid is dus een te bereiken status die in de kern bestaat uit het effectief beschermd zijn tegen kwalijke inwerkingen op lichaam en geest.
DOCUMENT
Since 2013, MoneyLab has explored questions around the design of money, the democratization of finance, and the new shifts in fintech. On 14 and 15 November, the 7th edition of MoneyLab was held in Amsterdam. At MoneyLab #7: Outside of Finance, we looked beyond the world of libertarian startups with their often masculine preoccupations. From hyperlocal cryptocurrencies at techno festivals to self-organized exchange systems in refugee communities, what are promising design strategies to counter the corporatization of money? Can we imagine a crypto economy that values care work and focuses on equity and solidarity?
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