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3We generalize the method of computing functional determinants with a single excluded zero eigenvalue developed by McKane and Tarlie to differential operators with multiple zero eigenvalues. We derive general formulas for such functional determinants of $r\times r$ matrix second order differential operators O with $0 < n \leqslant 2r$ linearly independent zero modes. We separately discuss the cases of the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, when the number of zero modes cannot exceed r, and the case of twisted boundary conditions, including the periodic and anti-periodic ones, when the number of zero modes is bounded above by 2r. In all cases the determinants with excluded zero eigenvalues can be expressed only in terms of the n zero modes and other $r-n$ or $2r-n$ (depending on the boundary conditions) solutions of the homogeneous equation $O h=0$ , in the spirit of Gel'fand–Yaglom approach. In instanton calculations, the contribution of the zero modes is taken into account by introducing the so-called collective coordinates. We show that there is a remarkable cancellation of a factor (involving scalar products of zero modes) between the Jacobian of the transformation to the collective coordinates and the functional fluctuation determinant with excluded zero eigenvalues. This cancellation drastically simplifies instanton calculations when one uses our formulas.
DOCUMENT
Background: Differential learning (DL) is a motor learning method characterized by high amounts of variability during practice and is claimed to provide the learner with a higher learning rate than other methods. However, some controversy surrounds DL theory, and to date, no overview exists that compares the effects of DL to other motor learning methods.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of DL in comparison to other motor learning methods in the acquisition and retention phase.
Design: Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.
Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched until February 3, 2020. To be included, (1) studies had to be experiments where the DL group was compared to a control group engaged in a different motor learning method (lack of practice was not eligible), (2) studies had to describe the effects on one or more measures of performance in a skill or movement task, and (3) the study report had to be published as a full paper in a journal or as a book chapter.
Results: Twenty-seven studies encompassing 31 experiments were included. Overall heterogeneity for the acquisition phase (post-pre; I2 = 77%) as well as for the retention phase (retention-pre; I2 = 79%) was large, and risk of bias was high. The meta-analysis showed an overall small effect size of 0.26 [0.10, 0.42] in the acquisition phase for participants in the DL group compared to other motor learning methods. In the retention phase, an overall medium effect size of 0.61 [0.30, 0.91] was observed for participants in the DL group compared to other motor learning methods.
Discussion/Conclusion: Given the large amount of heterogeneity, limited number of studies, low sample sizes, low statistical power, possible publication bias, and high risk of bias in general, inferences about the effectiveness of DL would be premature. Even though DL shows potential to result in greater average improvements between pre- and post/retention test compared to non-variability-based motor learning methods, more high-quality research is needed before issuing such a statement. For robust comparisons on the relative effectiveness of DL to different variability-based motor learning methods, scarce and inconclusive evidence was found.
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What is artistic research? How does art create new knowledge? How can a PhD-level art exhibition be assessed for quality? This book is the first comprehensive look at concepts such as research, knowledge, creativity, the visual, the experiment, quality, and assessment, as they are used in practice-based programs influenced by the UK and EU models of higher education. This book is also an irreplaceable resource for those interested in the coherence and idea of the university as a whole.
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The general problem addressed by this dissertation is the low academic success of students—measured in terms of study progress, dropout, and perceived competence (Braxton et al., 2000; Eccles & Wigfield, 2002; Entwistle & Peterson, 2004; Terenzini & Pascarella, 2005; Tinto, 1993)—in universities of applied sciences in the Netherlands. Study progress refers to the number of credits attained by students at the end of their first year, after the deadline for exams, re-sits, and assignments. Dropout occurs when a student does not continue the same programme in a following year. On a programme level, dropout is the percentage of students in a cohort that leaves during or at the end of the first year and does not continue in the following year (cf. Berger & Lyon, 2005; NVAO, 2012). Students who switch within or between institutions are not regarded dropouts on the institutional or system level, but current designs of accreditation programmes only account for dropouts and study progress on the programme level.
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Immersive journalism (IJ) is often assumed to be inherently emotion-inducing. Through using inclusive technology, interaction possibilities and immersive narratives, the audience should ideally experience what feels like to be in a certain situation. However, for the most part we do not know to which extent and in what form IJ influences the experience of emotions. We wanted to investigate, whether, and if so, which characteristics of IJ are related to the experience of emotions, and which role the personality trait empathy tendency plays in this respect. This is important, as the evaluation of IJ often relies on the emotion-inducing assumption thereof. Four different experiments comparing one immersive journalistic characteristic (level of inclusion, interaction possibilities, immersive narratives) to the respective non-immersive counterpart were conducted. Results indicate that while the level of inclusion and interaction possibility increase the intensity of the experience, the immersive narrative influences the valence dimension of emotions. Additionally, empathy tendency is found to be a relevant moderator for these effects. Conclusions are threefold. First, the narrative form of IJ is key; second, the analysis of IJ needs to go beyond the level of inclusion; third, including emotions when assessing IJ is fundamental to understand its impact.
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A challenge in digital content marketing is to create meaningful messages on meaningful moments. To do so, brands frequently align social media messages with topical moments, also known as Real-time Marketing (RTM). While RTM aims to make meaningful connections, the creative development is subject to time pressure due to its real-time nature, which could have a negative effect on originality and craftsmanship, two other creativity dimensions besides meaningfulness which drive consumer responses. We address this tension by examining the creative crafting of RTM on Instagram and its consequences. Based on a content analysis of 516 Instagram messages, we indeed found a meaningfulness bias for RTM, such that meaningfulness comes at the expense of originality and craftsmanship. However, the findings from the content analysis, as well as an additional experiment (N = 245), showed that only craftsmanship and originality, and not meaningfulness, positively induced consumer responses. Implications are discussed.
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Resolutions of certain toroidal orbifolds, like T6/ℤ2 × ℤ2, are far from unique, due to triangulation dependence of their resolved local singularities. This leads to an explosion of the number of topologically distinct smooth geometries associated to a single orbifold. By introducing a parameterisation to keep track of the triangulations used at all resolved singularities simultaneously, (self-)intersection numbers and integrated Chern classes can be determined for any triangulation configuration. Using this method the consistency conditions of line bundle models and the resulting chiral spectra can be worked out for any choice of triangulation. Moreover, by superimposing the Bianchi identities for all triangulation options much simpler though stronger conditions are uncovered. When these are satisfied, flop-transitions between all different triangulations are admissible. Various methods are exemplified by a number of concrete models on resolutions of the T6/ℤ2 × ℤ2 orbifold.
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This report aims to provide clarity on the legal framework surrounding the regulation of flexibility in the Dutch electricity grid that solves or reduces the congestion issues in the Netherlands. Congestion in the Dutch electricity grids1 has rapidly increased over the past two years. Local grid operators are being overwhelmed from two sides. The ever-growing volumes of renewable electricity—stemming from decentralized generation and the transmission grid—are beginning to exceed the capacity of the transmission and distribution grid. Without swift solutions, the energy transition in the Netherlands risks running into severe bottlenecks in the grid.
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How to think from human entanglement in nonhuman life rather than from an assumption of separation and exception? How to put a non-universalizing, dehumanist ethics of knowledge into practice? How to practice a politics of knowledge in relation to nonhuman animals, built on the principle of differential continuity or kinship in difference rather than the logic of analogy that is the shared logic of anthropocentrism and other oppressive modes of thought? This paper addresses the performative politics of knowledge at work in relation to concepts of politics, performance and animality and the emergence of interspecies performance as an ethico-political practice with reference to the work of Julietta Singh, Eva Meijer, Una Chaudhuri and Black vegan scholarship.
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How to reduce carbon emissions and contribute to climate change mitigation? For years the carbon-intensive travel industry has been struggling with this question. Research has addressed the relation between climate change and tourism (e.g., Gössling et al 2015; Becken, 2013; Gössling, 2010; Gössling et al 2010; Bows et al, 2009). Their work produced models and measurement methods, and recommended mitigation policies and actions (Scott, 2011; Dwyer et al, 2010; Gössling et al 2010; McKercher, 2010). Major industry players have since adopted carbon reduction measures in their CSR policies (Thomas Cook group, 2015; TUI Group, 2015). However, the bulk of the travel industry consists of SMEs that typically have limited resources available for CSR. CARMACAL may offer a solution for the sector at large. CARMACAL is a user-friendly application that enables tour operators to accurately measure the complete carbon footprint of their tour packages and integrate carbon management in their business (CSTT, 2016a). The industry acknowledged its relevance: in April 2016 CARMACAL won the WTTC Tourism for Tomorrow Innovation Award
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