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3Background and aim. To improve the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in schools, the Dutch government issued a program of requirements (PoR) “Fresh Schools”. This study aims to determine the effect of adopting class A (high IEQ) or B (moderate IEQ) of this PoR on students’ comfort and performance. Requirements for indoor air quality (IAQ), indicated by CO2 concentration, and lighting conditions, defined by horizontal illuminance (HI) at the desktop, were systematically examined.
Methods and data. In a classroom where specific IEQ conditions were established and monitored, students’ perceived comfort and performance were measured using questionnaires. Furthermore, students’ cognitive performance was assessed with the Stroop test and their short-term academic performance was measured with a content-related test. Data from 83 students resulting in 285 responses were analyzed, which were distributed across four combinations of moderate and high IAQ and HI levels. Linear mixed models were computed to determine the contribution of these two factors to students’ comfort and performance.
Results. The results indicated that high IAQ levels did not significantly enhance students’ perceived IAQ and performance, compared to moderate levels. In contrast, high HI levels did contribute significantly to students’ perceived lighting comfort (PLC) and students’ cognitive performance, when compared with moderate HI levels. The interaction between the two factors investigated was significant, indicating that the effect of HI levels on outcome variable PLC depends on the level of IAQ.
Originality. The study was performed during a regular academic course which suggests a high ecological validity of the observed effects.
Practical or societal implications. Building-services engineers, designers, and facility managers can use these findings when seeking to design appropriate learning environments for future generations.
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Background and Aim. Developing green campuses anticipates to contemporary environmental and health challenges by enhancing biodiversity with green spaces and promoting well-being through outdoor education and active pathways. Inspired by The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper highlights living lab examples from two Dutch university campuses (A and B) in order to explore effects of campus greening and related awareness change for students, enhancing future campus management practices.
Methods. In a living lab students conduct action research and experiment in the campus environment with micro interventions in an iterative process. This involves participatory planning sessions, where students from different studies engage in outdoor activities and study the effects of changes in green space on campus. In living labs, campus management, greening experts, and
campus users (e.g., students, employees, entrepreneurs, and visitors) are involved.
Results. Students experience the health and well-being benefits of green outdoor spaces and foster greater social cohesion. Students learn about climate action through the impact of greenery on biodiversity and climate adaptation. This increases awareness on sustainable development.
Originality. Through co-creation in living labs with experts, stakeholders and student participation, we develop the sustainable campus of the future that anticipate real-life challenges.
Practical Implications. This explorative research offers practical strategies for greening campuses, enhancing well-being, fostering community, create awareness on climate action and advancing awareness among students and campus management about sustainability.
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Background and Aim. Many patients experience anxiety during hospitalization. Hospital environments can support patients with the mitigation of anxiety. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of which design elements can affect sense of control, social support, and positive distraction, and gain more understanding of the mediating variables of anxiety-reducing effects of the physical inpatient room design.
Methods and Data. A qualitative study was conducted to further this theory. Data of this study were collected as part of a larger online survey. In this questionnaire, 539 participants filled in open-ended questions regarding their experiences and thoughts of the inpatient room design. Direct content analysis was conducted to analyze the data.
Findings. Findings suggest that the supportive role of design goes beyond sense of control, positive distraction, and social support, and that the role of a pleasant atmosphere should be included. Moreover, findings suggest that the theory of supportive design may benefit from further description and refinement with related concepts from environmental psychology.
Originality. This study emphasizes the importance of better understanding the spatially-induced psychological mechanism, and, by doing so, to increase the impact of the hospital environment on its users.
Practical Implications. The findings allow hospitals to better understand patient experience in single-bed inpatient rooms and to make better-informed decisions.
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Urban regions are confronted with huge sustainability challenges. Their future depends to a large extent on our ability to promote sustainable urban development. However, sustainability challenges in cities are inherently complex and need integrated, multidisciplinary solutions. This textbook on Smart Sustainable Cities responds to that challenge by capturing theories, methods and tools relevant for researching smart sustainable cities and developing solutions for sustainability challenges within cities. This book thereby serves the great need among students and practitioners to understand the multifaceted nature of Smart Sustainable Cities, to build upon acknowledged cross-disciplinary analytical and design approaches, and to learn how to apply such approaches. Each chapter presents a practical approach to urban sustainability, a relevant case study, and exercises and assignments for students to master the topic. Topics include: Smart Sustainable Cities: an introduction; Systemic Design Thinking; Probing the Future for Smart Sustainable Cities; Social Design of Smart Sustainable Cities; Urban Psychology of Smart Sustainable Cities; Behavioural Change for Smart Sustainable Cities; Healthy Urban Living; Towards Energy Neutral Neighbourhoods; Carbon Footprinting and Accounting; Circular Economy: material and value flows in the city; Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility; Canvas Business Modelling; Big Data Analytics; Social Value Innovation: from concept to practice.
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