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3English:
In the Netherlands female entrepreneurs and women in tech have structurally less opportunities than men. The latest numbers from October 2020 show that only 1 percent of all venture capital went to female entrepreneurs. The percentage of non-white entrepreneurs that received financing is even below 1 percent. Remarkable numbers if we look at the demographics of the Dutch population and a clear signal that bias is a structural problem in financing start-ups. Additionally, there remains an underrepresentation of women at all levels in the tech industry.
As part of the Rise project, this whitepaper will focus on the question ‘What needs to be done in the coming years to improve the position of female entrepreneurs and women in tech? Building on an expert session, a review of annual reports and a short survey amongst a selected group of support organizations, we focus on the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (MRA) and show a clear trend towards ‘women only’ programs for female entrepreneurs and an increase in the support structures for female tech workers. In this report, the results of a baseline analysis for the state of the field for Female Entrepreneur and Women in Tech in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area will be presented by the professorship of Entrepreneurship from the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS).
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Dutch:
WOMEN Inc., HvA en We Rise hebben een rapport geschreven over de positie van vrouwelijke ondernemers en vrouwen die werken in de tech-sector. Er is onderzocht wat er momenteel wordt gedaan om de positie van vrouwelijke ondernemers en vrouwen in tech te ondersteunen en wat er de komende jaren kan veranderen om dit te verbeteren.
DOCUMENT
Female entrepreneurship is still a limited phenomenon in European countries and its promotion ranks high on the EU policy agenda. Various frameworks have been offered to explain the main structural differences in entrepreneurship between men and women, emphasizing a variety of underlying factors. With a novel approach, this paper argues that due to a process of generation renewal the numerical difference between male and female entrepreneurship will diminish. Generation replacement is seen by sociologists and other social scientists as the motor behind cultural renewal. Our core interest in this paper in developing such a dynamic interpretation within the European context is the role of different generations (Silent Generation, Babyboomers, Generation X, Millennials). Younger cohorts of females are hypothesized to be more pro entrepreneurship and pro self-employment both in terms of attitudes, intentions, and behaviors, compared to older cohorts. They are furthermore assumed to converge with their male generation members in this regard. This paper empirically tests these two hypotheses by analyzing multi cross-sectional European data from the Eurobarometer over a span of thirty-five years (1980-2015). Results show that this generational approach sheds new light on explaining trends in female entrepreneurship. We find evidence of an increased growth in female entrepreneurship that can be attributed to generation replacement. This rise in total female entrepreneurship is characterized by diversity among European countries in the study. Positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship are essential to considering future self-employment. Education is a key factor. Female entrepreneurship, it is predicted, will become more prominent in Europe. https://www.library.ien.bg.ac.rs/index.php/jwee/article/view/556
DOCUMENT
Most violence risk assessment tools have been validated predominantly in males. In this multicenter study, the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management–20 (HCR-20), Historical, Clinical, Risk Management–20 Version 3 (HCR-20V3), Female Additional Manual (FAM), Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START), Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF), and Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) were coded on file information of 78 female forensic psychiatric patients discharged between 1993 and 2012 with a mean follow-up period of 11.8 years from one of four Dutch forensic psychiatric hospitals. Notable was the high rate of mortality (17.9%) and readmission to psychiatric settings (11.5%) after discharge. Official reconviction data could be retrieved from the Ministry of Justice and Security for 71 women. Twenty-four women (33.8%) were reconvicted after discharge, including 13 for violent offenses (18.3%). Overall, predictive validity was moderate for all types of recidivism, but low for violence. The START Vulnerability scores, HCR-20V3, and FAM showed the highest predictive accuracy for all recidivism. With respect to violent recidivism, only the START Vulnerability scores and the Clinical scale of the HCR-20V3 demonstrated significant predictive accuracy.
MULTIFILE
The agricultural sector faces rapid transformation driven by climate change, digitalization, and socio-economic pressures, demanding resilient and adaptive leadership. This paper explores the role of female leadership in agricultural family business succession, emphasizing its contribution to resilient and sustainable agri-food systems. Drawing on Role Congruity Theory (Eagly & Karau, 2002) and resilience frameworks, the study investigates how gendered norms shape access to leadership, the barriers women face in succession, and the systemic reforms required to foster inclusivity. Using an interdisciplinary literature review and ecosystem analysis, findings reveal persistent structural, cultural, and institutional obstacles limiting women’s visibility and participation, ranging from unequal land rights to restrictive gender norms. Nevertheless, evidence shows that women’s relational, empathetic, and collaborative leadership styles enhance innovation, sustainability, and social cohesion within agricultural enterprises. The paper concludes that empowering women in agricultural leadership is both a moral and strategic imperative to build circular, resilient, and equitable agri-food systems.
DOCUMENT
Women and girls represent only a minority in the penitentiary system and in forensic mental health care. About 6%–10% of both prison and forensic psychiatric populations in Western countries comprise women (see for the most recent offi cial statistics in the UK w ww.gov. uk/government, in Canada w ww.statcan.gc.ca, and in the US w ww.bjs.gov) . However, there seems to be widespread agreement that in the past 20 years female offending has been on the rise, especially violent offending and particularly among young women ( Miller, Malone, and Dodge, 2010; M oretti, Catchpole, and Odgers, 2005) . Overall, a disproportionate growth of females entering the criminal justice system and forensic mental health care has been observed in many countries (for reviews, see Nicholls, Cruise, Greig, and Hinz, 2015; Odgers, Moretti, and Reppucci, 2005 ; Walmsley, 2015) . In addition, it should be noted that the ‘dark number’ for women is suggested to be bigger than for men. Offi cial prevalence rates of female offending might constitute an underestimation as women usually commit less reported offences, for example, domestic violence (N icholls, Greaves, Greig, and Moretti, 2015) . Furthermore, it has been found that – if apprehended – girls and women are treated more leniently by professionals and the criminal justice system. Generally, they receive lower prison sentences and are more often admitted to civil psychiatric institutions instead of receiving a prison sentence or mandatory forensic treatment after committing violence ( Javdani, Sadeh, and Verona, 2011 ; Jeffries, Fletcher, and Newbold, 2003 ). Hence, although female offenders compared to male offenders are a minority, female violence is a substantial problem that deserves more attention. Our understanding of female offenders is hindered by the general paucity of theoretical and empirical investigations of this population. In order to improve current treatment and assessment practices, our knowledge and understanding of female offenders should be enlarged and optimised (d e Vogel and Nicholls, 2016 ).
DOCUMENT
This qualitative interview study explores the practices of adult female gamers who play the videogame The Sims, focusing on the motivations they have for playing and how playing a video game might influence their digital competence. We address the wider context of leisure and the household, investigating to what extent playing videogames has become domesticated in the daily life of the family. It is found that female gamers play The Sims because they enjoy the particular way it allows them to take control, fantasize, and be challenged. For some, it is clear that playing this video game has increased their digital skills. We notice that there is an interesting similarity between the pleasures of playing this videogame and more traditional ways of female media engagement such as reading women’s magazines or romance novels and watching soap operas. Our gamers similarly enjoy The Sims as leisurely moments for themselves, clearly and intentionally separated from domestic and family duties. We conclude that playing a videogame can be seen as a highly modern and liberating practice, as both playing in general and using ICT have traditionally not been a part of the female leisure domain.
DOCUMENT
The gendered achievement in physics always bothers high school teachers, especially when problem-solving learning is involved. The lag in female students’ learning achievement in physics is reflected by the low enrolment of females in physics-related subjects at grade 12. For years, the most common method adopted by teachers was to instruct female students using repetitious exercises.
DOCUMENT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of online and offline social sensitivity in the association between online vigilance and mental health outcomes—specifically depression, anxiety, and stress—among Algerian female university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 438 Algerian female university students. Validated scales were utilized to measure online vigilance, social sensitivity (both online and offline), and psychological distress. Data was analyzed using correlation and mediation analyses to explore the relationships among these variables and to assess the mediating effect of social sensitivity. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between online vigilance, social sensitivity, and mental health problems. Online and offline social sensitivity fully mediated the influence of online vigilance on stress, anxiety, and depression. This suggests that higher engagement in online vigilance increases social sensitivity, which in turn heightens vulnerability to psychological distress. This study contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between digital behaviors, social perceptions, and mental health among Algerian female university students. By highlighting the mediating role of social sensitivity, the research underscores the necessity for interventions that address online habits and enhance social coping skills to improve mental well-being in this population.
DOCUMENT
Female entrepreneurship is still a limited phenomenon in European countries and its promotion ranks high on the EU policy agenda. Various frameworks have been offered to explain the main structural differences in entrepreneurship between men and women, emphasizing a variety of underlying factors. With a novel approach, this paper argues that due to a process of generation renewal the numerical difference between male and female entrepreneurship will diminish. Generation replacement is seen by sociologists and other social scientists as the motor behind cultural renewal. Our core interest in this paper in developing such a dynamic interpretation within the European context is the role of different generations (Silent Generation, Babyboomers, Generation X, Millennials). Younger cohorts of females are hypothesized to be more pro entrepreneurship and pro self-employment both in terms of attitudes, intentions, and behaviors, compared to older cohorts. They are furthermore assumed to converge with their male generation members in this regard. This paper empirically tests these two hypotheses by analyzing multi cross-sectional European data from the Eurobarometer over a span of thirty-five years (1980-2015). Results show that this generational approach sheds new light on explaining trends in female entrepreneurship. We find evidence of an increased growth in female entrepreneurship that can be attributed to generation replacement. This rise in total female entrepreneurship is characterized by diversity among European countries in the study. Positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship are essential to considering future self-employment. Education is a key factor. Female entrepreneurship, it is predicted, will become more prominent in Europe.
DOCUMENT
Although girls and women represent only a minority of the forensic mental health and prison populations, studies worldwide suggest that there has been a steady increase in the number of females being convicted for committing offenses, especially violent offenses. In this chapter, an overview will be provided on the specific risks and needs of female offenders and the relevance of gender-responsive treatment in forensic mental health services. First, the literature into the prevalence and nature of offending by females will be reviewed, with a focus on violent offending. Next, the most recent knowledge in the field will be summarized with respect to gender-sensitive risk assessment and gender-responsive treatment in forensic mental health care. Finally, some recommendations will be provided for mental health professionals working with females in forensic mental health services and for future research.
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