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3This article presents the findings of 51 interviews with foreign national prisoners in Flanders (Belgium). Following an appreciative inquiry stance, the aim is to understand how foreign nationals experience (accessibility to) prison activities (for example, education, work, sports activities and worship) and to investigate if and how this differs between foreign-speaking and Dutchspeaking foreign nationals. A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed several components of the activities offered that were perceived by the foreign nationals to be ‘working well’ and revealed several dreams concerning the activities for foreign nationals. Within each theme considered, similarities and dissimilarities among foreign-speaking and Dutch-speaking foreign nationals are described. This article argues that foreign nationals are confronted with a new pain of imprisonment, namely ‘the pain of (non-)participation’. The findings could enable a shift from supply-driven to tailor-made activities for foreign national prisoners.
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This paper investigates the role of informal peer support as a bridge for participation by foreign national prisoners in prison activities (e.g. education, work, sports activities, library) and services (e.g. psychologist, doctor). A total of 51 individual interviews, following an appreciative inquiry perspective, were conducted with foreign nationals in four prisons in Flanders (Belgium).
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This mixed-method study first provides insight into the Belgian prison population — particularly foreign national prisoners — based on an analysis of the penal database SIDIS Suite (N = 10,356). Second, qualitative telephone interviews have been conducted with the activity coordinators of all Flemish and Brussels prisons (N = 17) to investigate which prison activities (e.g., cultural, educational, and health-related activities, sports, vocational training, and forensic welfare services) are available to, and accessible by, foreign national prisoners. This article demonstrates several initiatives that have been taken to enhance foreign nationals’ participation in prison activities and highlights the struggles that activity coordinators face in offering activities that are suitable for this population.
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This scoping review investigated foreign national and ethnic minority prisoners’ participation in formally organized occupations (prison activities) such as active citizenship, healthcare and treatment, leisure time, and reintegration occupations. It aimed to: (1) map available studies on both groups of prisoners’ participation in these occupations within prisons, and (2) evaluate existing research topics on participation and types of occupations available in prisons. Following a search in electronic databases, manual searches, and expert consultation, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data from these studies were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. The results demonstrate that most literature has focused on ethnic minorities’ participation, rather than that of foreign nationals. There was also unequal research attention regarding types of prison occupations studied, with healthcare and treatment programs predominating. In addition, this review provides some evidence for the importance of acknowledging and considering the ‘cultural’ diversity among prisoners in providing occupations to them. Research gaps and future research avenues on this topic are identified. Finally, the limitations and the implications of this review are considered.
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Various programmes have been implemented in prisons to strengthen parental involvement and parent–child relationships during imprisonment. In-depth insights into such programmes are limited. This qualitative study compared the experiences of two groups of imprisoned fathers in the Netherlands: fathers who participated in a family approach programme (N = 10) and fathers in a comparison group (N = 29). Based on a thematic analysis, four key differences were identified between the family approach group and the comparison group. Fathers in the family approach group: (1) described more positive engagement activities in direct father–child interactions, (2) reflected more positively on their fathering role during imprisonment, (3) structurally included participation in the family approach programme in their narratives of how imprisonment affected father–child relationship quality, and (4) more often expressed feelings of uncertainty and caution when discussing family life after imprisonment. The findings of this study are informative for the mechanisms behind prison-based parenting and family relationship programmes and illustrate the potential of these programmes to alleviate the unintended negative impact of imprisonment on parental involvement and family relationships. Based on these findings, recommendations for further research and practice are provided.
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The obser-view is a method to generate data and create a learning space for both researcher and participants in qualitative research. It includes reflection between the two after the researcher has observed the participant. This article aims to reveal the benefits and challenges encountered when using the obser-view in two different research projects. In a Dutch project whose aim was to empower residents with dementia, in nursing homes the obser-view was used to generate data and create space for reflection which included residents and the family members. It showed that the obser-view cannot be finished when reflection does not happen. A Danish project with the aim to map the practice for inmates’ opportunities for education and job guidance highlighted that it made participants—educational prison leaders and teachers—aware they were doing their jobs by rote and showed the difficulties the researcher had trying to reflect with some participants. In both projects the obser-view created a learning space for participants. A benefit of the obser-view is that it can be used in dissimilar settings with different research purposes and with vulnerable and stigmatized people often excluded from the research. A challenge is for the researcher to reflect with participants, which is more likely to be successful if they have had time to develop a trusting relationship. Although the obser-view is a novel method in qualitative research, it has proved useful in different settings. It is a valuable method and we recommend developing it further in additional different settings with different populations.
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Women and girls represent only a minority in the penitentiary system and in forensic mental health care. About 6%–10% of both prison and forensic psychiatric populations in Western countries comprise women (see for the most recent offi cial statistics in the UK w ww.gov. uk/government, in Canada w ww.statcan.gc.ca, and in the US w ww.bjs.gov) . However, there seems to be widespread agreement that in the past 20 years female offending has been on the rise, especially violent offending and particularly among young women ( Miller, Malone, and Dodge, 2010; M oretti, Catchpole, and Odgers, 2005) . Overall, a disproportionate growth of females entering the criminal justice system and forensic mental health care has been observed in many countries (for reviews, see Nicholls, Cruise, Greig, and Hinz, 2015; Odgers, Moretti, and Reppucci, 2005 ; Walmsley, 2015) . In addition, it should be noted that the ‘dark number’ for women is suggested to be bigger than for men. Offi cial prevalence rates of female offending might constitute an underestimation as women usually commit less reported offences, for example, domestic violence (N icholls, Greaves, Greig, and Moretti, 2015) . Furthermore, it has been found that – if apprehended – girls and women are treated more leniently by professionals and the criminal justice system. Generally, they receive lower prison sentences and are more often admitted to civil psychiatric institutions instead of receiving a prison sentence or mandatory forensic treatment after committing violence ( Javdani, Sadeh, and Verona, 2011 ; Jeffries, Fletcher, and Newbold, 2003 ). Hence, although female offenders compared to male offenders are a minority, female violence is a substantial problem that deserves more attention. Our understanding of female offenders is hindered by the general paucity of theoretical and empirical investigations of this population. In order to improve current treatment and assessment practices, our knowledge and understanding of female offenders should be enlarged and optimised (d e Vogel and Nicholls, 2016 ).
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Samenvatting bestaat uit 9 pagina's voorin rapport. Onderstaande samenvatting is ontleend aan de website van Reclassering Nederland: Bureau Buitenland en zijn vrijwilligers doen waardevol werk voor Nederlanders die in het buitenland in de gevangenis zitten. Zij maken de detentieomstandigheden humaner, maar de buitenlandse gevangenis is geen geschikte plek om aan gedragsverandering te werken. Veiligheid en je staande houden tijdens detentie zijn belangrijkere thema’s. Ook blijkt de overdracht van zorg naar Nederland gecompliceerd, waardoor het vaak ontbreekt aan begeleiding na thuiskomst. Dit zijn enkele bevindingen uit het onderzoek , ‘Geronseld gegokt, gepakt en gesteund’, naar de praktijk en het bestaansrecht van Bureau Buitenland van Reclassering Nederland. Het Expertisecentrum van Hogeschool Avans Den Bosch voerde het onderzoek in opdracht van Reclassering Nederland uit tussen 2011 en 2015. Nederland heeft in vergelijking met andere landen een hoog aantal gedetineerden landgenoten in buitenlandse gevangenissen. In 2013 zat bijna 30% van de totale populatie gedetineerde Nederlanders in het buitenland vast. Bureau Buitenland begeleidt deze mensen in een vrijwillig kader. Bureau Buitenland, opgericht in 1975, is onderdeel van Reclassering Nederland.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the influence of Facility management (FM) on detainee behaviour and responsiveness. The expected outcome of this research is that FM can contribute to the re-socialization by actively using facility design and detainee activities to positively influence their social behaviour.
Design / methodology / approach – This current explorative study has been qualitative in nature, including desk research, literature study in relation to healing environment, walk through, observations and interviews with prison managers and facility staff. For this study, a comparison has been made between two correctional institutions. One correctional institution is situated in a rural setting with a building design dating from the early 20th century. The second building is located in an urban area and dates back to the 1990s.
Findings - This study shows that there is little to no sources found which describes how FM can actually contribute and add value to rehabilitation of detainees. From the literature study, the observations and exploratory interviews, the conclusion is that FM influences the behaviour of people. Further research could contribute to this emerging area in FM.
Practical implications – At this moment the Custodial Institution - Dienst Justitiële Inrichtingen (DJI) - is developing a master plan which will lead to a reassessment of the housing policy within DJI. Initially, DJI will have to formulate a new definition of the minimum level of humane detention in relation to FM.
Originality / value – This study may support DJI in the upcoming organizational change. It will provide DJI with the opportunity to perform additional research in order to deliver to society evidence on the influence and impact of FM on detainees.
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Hoofdstuk 20 Part II in Understanding Penal Practice van Ioan Durnescu en Fergus McNeill Criminological and penological scholarship has in recent years explored how and why institutions and systems of punishment change – and how and why these changes differ in different contexts. Important though these analyses are, this book focuses not so much on the changing nature of institutions and systems, but rather the changing nature of penal practice and practitioners The first part of the book focuses on understanding practice and practitioners, exploring how changing social, cultural, political, and organisational contexts influence practice, and how training, development, professional socialisation and other factors influence practitioners. The second part is concerned with how practitioners can be best supported to develop the skills and approaches that seem most likely to generate positive impacts. It contains accounts of new practice models and approaches, as well as reports of research projects seeking both to discover and to encourage effective practices
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