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3This paper examines how a serious game approach could support a participatory planning process by bringing stakeholders together to discuss interventions that assist the development of sustainable urban tourism. A serious policy game was designed and played in six European cities by a total of 73 participants, reflecting a diverse array of tourism stakeholders. By observing in-game experiences, a pre- and post -game survey and short interviews six months after playing the game, the process and impact of the game was investigated. While it proved difficult to evaluate the value of a serious game approach, results demonstrate that enacting real-life policymaking in a serious game setting can enable stakeholders to come together, and become more aware of the issues and complexities involved with urban tourism planning. This suggests a serious game can be used to stimulate the uptake of academic insights in a playful manner. However, it should be remembered that a game is a tool and does not, in itself, lead to inclusive participatory policymaking and more sustainable urban tourism planning. Consequently, care needs to be taken to ensure inclusiveness and prevent marginalization or disempowerment both within game-design and the political formation of a wider participatory planning approach.
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Sustainable Development Goals, Broad Prosperity (in Dutch, Brede Welvaart), Equitable Tourism, Circular Tourism, Degrowth, Regenerative Tourism, Destination Stewardship and Doughnut Economics. All these terms and concepts are com monly used by Destination-Management and Marketing Organisations (DMMOS), as well as by the travel industry when talking about tourism that focuses on greater sustainability and social resilience. But what do these terms actually mean? There are just so many of them. In many cases they are not clearly defined and they often overlap, or even relate to each other. It’s hardly surprising then that there is much confusion about them, including how they can be used in practice. An added com plication is that they can become buzzwords, or used in the ‘real’ world in ways that they were not initially intended for. How can we prevent this happening to the concepts that are now being popular ised? With this document, we aim to clarify the various terms used in discussions about tourism’s transition. While we use ‘Transitional Tourism’ as an overarching concept, our goal is not to introduce another ‘buzzword’. Instead, we encourage you to focus on the underlying processes driving this transition. Among the ques tions that we will answer are: What do the different concepts stand for? In what ways are they similar? What are the differences between them? To what extent, and in which ways, are they meant to contribute to a sustainability transition in tourism? How are they used in practice? And perhaps most importantly of all, how can we use the combined insights afforded by these approaches to facilitate a true transi tion in tourism? We’ll take you through it step-by-step.
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Welcome City Lab is an innovation platform dedicated to urban tourism that includes the world’s first incubator specifically for this sector. It was created in July 2013 by Paris&Co, with the support of the City of Paris, BPI France, Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau, and the French General Directorate of Enterprise (DGE). Its other founding members are Atout France, the Caisse des Dépôts, the Conseil Départemental des Hauts-de-Seine, Galeries Lafayette, Groupe ADP, the Métropole du Grand Paris, Paris Inn Group, RATP Group, Sodexo and Viparis. The innovation platform offers start-ups and players in the tourist sector a full range of services: an incubator, a place for networking, discussions and co-working, a test platform and a monitoring unit.
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In a matter of weeks last year, discussions regarding tourism in cities changed from how to deal with overtourism to how to deal with ‘no tourism’. Shortly thereafter, a great number of posts on LinkedIn, websites, and blogs highlighted how the tourism crisis that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic could help reinvent tourism, into something more equal, inclusive, and sustainable. And so, online – at leastin mypersonalonlinebubble – there seemedtobe a real momentum for proper, transformative changes in (urban) tourism. How can we rebuild urban tourism in a sustainable and resilient way?
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The debate on tourism in cities, both academically and in practice, has for a long time taken place in relative isolation from urban studies. Tourism is mostly addressed as an external agent and economic force that puts pressure on cities rather than as an interdependent part of city systems. The recent debate on city touristification and excessive dependence on the visitor economy, as well as the associated processes of exclusion, and displacement of local city users, serves to highlight how tourism is an integral part of urban developments. A wider urban perspective is needed to understand the processes underlying the tourism phenomena and more transdisciplinary perspectives are required to analyze the urban (tourism) practices. The current article seeks to contribute to such a perspective through a discussion of the literature on urban and tourism studies, and related fields such as gentrification, mobilities, and touristification. Based on this, theoretical reflections are provided regarding a more integral perspective to tourism and urban development in order to engage with a transversal urban tourism research agenda.
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This paper seeks to highlight underlying issues of the tourism system that have led to tourism extremes of too much or too little tourism. Five phases are recognized that reflect different ways of dealing with too much tourism over time, after which the impact of a sudden lack of tourism is investigated in light of future renewal processes. This discussion highlights the remarkable capacity of the tourism industry to adjust to rapidly changing circumstances and crises, even when these cause anguish to individuals and within societies at large. The paper thus seeks to contextualize the current discussions regarding the transformation of tourism post COVID-19. It highlights the complexity of changing a tourism that multiple stakeholders depend on or have grown accustomed to. To come to a more balanced tourism, it is necessary to not only come up with alternative visions and strategies, but also to engage with the political economy nature of tourism development. A future research agenda should therefore also discuss facets of entangled power, social exclusion, inequalities and class differences to come to new reference points of what actually constitutes a more inclusive tourism success.
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This paper examines how a serious game approach could support a participatory planning process by bringing stakeholders together to discuss interventions that assist the development of sustainable urban tourism. A serious policy game was designed and played in six European cities by a total of 73 participants, reflecting a diverse array of tourism stakeholders. By observing in-game experiences, a pre- and post -game survey and short interviews six months after playing the game, the process and impact of the game was investigated. While it proved difficult to evaluate the value of a serious game approach, results demonstrate that enacting real-life policymaking in a serious game setting can enable stakeholders to come together, and become more aware of the issues and complexities involved with urban tourism planning. This suggests a serious game can be used to stimulate the uptake of academic insights in a playful manner. However, it should be remembered that a game is a tool and does not, in itself, lead to inclusive participatory policymaking and more sustainable urban tourism planning. Consequently, care needs to be taken to ensure inclusiveness and prevent marginalization or disempowerment both within game-design and the political formation of a wider participatory planning approach.
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Purpose: The authors provide a personal insight into how they see the potential of urban culture as a vehicle for creative placemaking. The purpose of this study is to highlight the opportunities for the tourism industry to embrace this global youth culture now that one of its pillars, breakdance, is on the brink of becoming an Olympic discipline in 2024, thus nudging this youth culture from underground to mainstream. Design/methodology/approach: The authors interviewed two Dutch pioneers in the field of urban culture: Tyrone van der Meer, founder of The Notorious IBE (IBE), an international breaking event, and Angelo Martinus, founder of the urban scene in Eindhoven and initiator of EMOVES, an urban culture and sports event. Findings: The authors illustrate the added value of urban culture to creative placemaking by addressing the initiatives of previously mentioned Dutch pioneers. Their urban culture events on Dutch soil, yearly attract thousands of participants and visitors from the urban scene, covering over 40 nationalities, to the South of The Netherlands. Originality/value: This study provides a glimpse into a global youth culture that is primarily invisible to the tourism industry and a foresight in how the tourism industry and other stakeholders (e.g. policy makers, city marketeers, tourism managers and event organisers) can pick up on this evolving trend. The study is meant as a wake-up call.
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Vanuit de opleidingen Tourism, Leisure & Events Management aan de Hogeschool Inholland, voeren onderzoekers en studenten – in afstemming met het werkveld - sinds jaar en dag onderzoek uit naar aspecten van de stad Amsterdam als toeristische bestemming. Vanaf eind 2015 is hier het Urban Leisure & Tourism Lab aan toegevoegd, welke zich specifiek richt op Noord. Aangezien er weinig tot geen data voor handen waren over de bezoekers van dit stadsdeel, hebben we in april t/m juni 2019 besloten hier een onderzoeksproject aan te wijden. Het Toeristisch Ondernemers Platform Noord (TOP) was hierbij onze voornaamste netwerkpartner. TOP heeft de gewenste inzichten toegelicht aan de 2e jaars studenten en gezorgd voor diverse contacten ivm de interviews. Tijdens het We Make the City Festival hebben de studenten eind juni 2019 de meest opvallende onderzoeksbevindingen toegelicht tijdens het Fair Tourism programma in Pakhuis de Zwijger.
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· As a platform for interdisciplinary applied research in the community setting, the living lab model offers a unique environment for the imagination of tourism interventions that can recast the activity as a force for good. Mandating a quadruple helix ecosystem, living labs encourage participation of a wide group of stakeholders, as a conduit for situated knowledge collected through deep engagement with a local context. An inherent feature of the living lab is that it is place-based, which is important for generating impactful solutions for sustainable tourism. This chapter describes a case study in the Netherlands, where the world's first tourism living labs were founded in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. This contribution informs on how the Urban Leisure and Tourism labs have cultivated an environment for open innovation and impactful collaboration, where students are seen as key partners in building an ecosystem from the ground up. It offers high-level descriptions of the route to growing a suitable learning environment with public, private and community sector partners – and emphasises the importance of joint problematisation and readying a fertile ground for experimentation. The chapter shares opportunities and challenges from the embryonic, early years of the labs, and showcases some of the most impactful ideas and outputs with transformative potential, such as the BMX-routes Zuidpleinen and the Inclusive Welcome Path. It reports on overarching themes for research, including how to embed a regenerative design perspective – in order to bring about social innovation in urban tourism. Sharing critical reflections from the lived experience of leading living lab research, it reports on the complexity of collaborative design, and the difficulties of embracing uncertainty and ambiguity in education and practice. Concrete reflections on what makes or breaks an intervention are shared at the end of the chapter, and touch upon the importance of holding space, continual fresh ideas, long-term presence and frequent feedback loops. These are in opposition to getting stuck in ideation phases, lack of ownership over outcomes – which can yield resentment in the community. the book can be ordered at https://www.routledge.com/Tourism-Interventions-Making-or-Breaking-Places/Isaac-Nawijn-Farkic-Klijs/p/book/9781003449027
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