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3International Innovation is the leading global dissemination resource for the wider scientific, technology and research communities, dedicated to disseminating the latest science, research and technological innovations on a global level. More information and a complimentary subscription offer to the publication can be found at: www.researchmedia.eu
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The broad field of environmental ethics, animal welfare, animal liberation, and animal rights literature indicate that all encounters between humans and animals are ethically charged. In this article, I shall examine how environmental ethics or animal welfare/rights/liberation literature translate into public media. The case study will delve into the representation of animals in the Dutch newspapers, using content analysis to provide an empirical basis for monitoring public opinion. Assuming that attitudes to animals are influenced by media coverage, the results of this case study will be brought to bear upon the discussion of the representation of animals beyond a specific national context. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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This short paper describes a workshop on “Establishing criteria for an independent 3R-index: Access to 3Rs” and the corporate responsibility of industry for the use of animals in testing. 28 August 2014 Prague, at the World Congress on Alternatives Animal Use in the Life Sciences
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Due to a growing challenge to feed the world’s population and an increased awareness to minimize the impact of our food choices on climate change, a more plant-based diet has gained popularity with a growing number of plant-based products on the market. To stimulate a plant-based diet that also improves long-term health, data are needed to monitor whether these products are healthy alternatives to animal-based foods. Therefore, this study inventoried 916 plant-based meat, fish, and dairy alternatives from eight Dutch supermarkets. The nutritional quality of each product was assessed by (1) the Dutch food-based dietary guidelines and (2) the Nutri-Score. The results show that over 70% of meat, fish, and dairy alternatives have an A/B Nutri-Score (indicating high nutritional quality), but do not comply with the Dutch dietary guidelines. This is mainly due to high salt and low vitamin B12 and iron content (meat and fish alternatives) or low protein and calcium levels (dairy alternatives). In conclusion, the majority of plant-based products are nutritionally not full alternatives of the animal-based equivalents; however, there are still opportunities for reformulation. To aid the consumer in making healthy plant-based food choices, a better alignment between the Nutri-Score and the recommended dietary guidelines is needed.
DOCUMENT
Animal burrows create discontinuities on the body of earthen levees that under certain circumstances can threaten their structural integrity through hydraulic alteration and surface erosion. Although it is a virtually established fact that discontinuities can undermine the structural integrity of levees, there are limited studies that clarify when animal activity can be considered dangerous and which are the most effective approaches for dealing with it. Interaction with levee management agencies in the network of Polder2C’s has shown that there is much tacit knowledge on the topic among levee guards in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and the UK, which has only been marginally reported so far. It is also of interest that the Dutch Government approved the inclusion of measures against harmful animal activity in flood defences more than a decade ago (Tweede Kamer 2010), but to this end, an integrated national management framework is still pending. This highlights the fact that formal knowledge on the topic is limited and fragmented. In order to enable the development of a rational framework for dealing with animal activity on levees, a coordinated effort is required for the review and reporting of existing knowledge, identification of knowledge gaps and development of approaches to determine the level of risk incurred by various types of animal activities on levees and the effectiveness of reduction actions. This report presents activities that took place within Polder2C’s and could support the development of such a rational framework. After the first winter of experimentation in the Living Lab Hedwige-Prosperpolder, evidence was produced about possible adverse impact of animal- and vegetation-induced discontinuities on levees (Holscher & Zomer, 2021; Koelewijn et al. 2021). Overflow experiments at locations of anomalies caused by grazing sheep, trees and fox holes led to severe erosion of the structure within a considerably short time (see also Figure 1.2a). In June 2021 a mole burrow system was detected in a levee section that had been damaged during overflow experiments and where an emergency repair application with rock bags had been subsequently applied. In order to explore the geometry and extent of the system, the mole tunnels were grouted with fast drying concrete. Upon excavation of the concrete an extensive burrow system was revealed with exit points close to the toe and close to the crest of the section (see also b). In preparation of the second winter of experimentation, a cross-work package team was created to identify knowledge gaps in the management of animal burrows on levees and suggest research activities that could potentially fill in identified gaps. This led to a longlist of possible activities, a number of which were eventually executed in the period September 2021 till February 2022. The final selection of activities was limited by the contractor’s work and other large-scale experiments and exercises. Priority was given to activities that had no conflicts with the abovementioned operations and for which there was available equipment and manpower within the involved organizations. This report presents the work that was performed within Polder2C’s on the management of harmful animal activity on levees in a chronological order. It starts with a description of observations in the first year of the project, and a subsequent study that led to the development of a knowledge agenda in the period February till June 2021. It continues with a description of activities that took place in a more coordinated manner in the second year of the project and it ends with a summary of key findings.
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This article examines two areas of tension within environmental ethics literature and relates them to the case study of the animal representation in the Dutch media. On the one hand, there is a tension between those who propagate clear division between anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric views; on the other hand, there is a tension between the land ethics perspective and animal right proponents. This article examines the media representation of animals using content analysis, and links the findings back to the areas of tension within environmental ethics. The main findings indicate that the division between anthropocentric and ecocentric perspectives is still relevant for evaluating the human-animal relations, while the convergence of the land ethics and animal rights perspectives can be helpful in explaining why this division is relevant. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in "Environmental Processes".The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-014-0025-7 https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
MULTIFILE
Animal welfare is a multidimensional phenomenon and currently its on-farm assessment requires complex, multidimensional frameworks involving farm audits which are time-consuming, infrequent and expensive. The core principle of precision agriculture is to use sensor technologies to improve the efficiency of resource use by targeting resources to where they give a benefit. Precision livestock farming (PLF) enables farm animal management to move away from the group level to monitoring and managing individual animals. A range of precision livestock monitoring and control technologies have been developed, primarily to improve livestock production efficiency. Examples include using camera systems monitoring the movement of housed broiler chickens to detect problems with feeding systems or disease and leg-mounted accelerometers enabling the detection of the early stages of lameness in dairy cows. These systems are already improving farm animal welfare by, for example, improving the detection of health issues enabling more rapid treatment, or the detection of problems with feeding systems helping to reduce the risk of hunger. Environmental monitoring and control in buildings can improve animal comfort, and automatic milking systems facilitate animal choice and improve human-animal interactions. Although these precision livestock technologies monitor some parameters relevant to farm animal welfare (e.g. feeding, health), none of the systems yet provide the broad, multidimensional integration that is required to give a complete assessment of an animal’s welfare. However, data from PLF sensors could potentially be integrated into automated animal welfare assessment systems, although further research is needed to define and validate this approach.
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This article focuses on the role of ethical perspectives such as deep ecology and animal rights in relation to environmental education, arguing that such perspectives are well-placed to reposition students as responsible planetary citizens. We focus on the linkage between non-consequentialism, animal rights, and deep ecology in an educational context and discuss the broader issue of ethics in education. Finally, we discuss how the inclusion of deep ecology and animal rights perspectives would improve current environmental education programs by deepening the respect for nonhumans and their inclusion in the ethical community. https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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The growing demand of seafood alternatives is driven by concerns on overfishing, marine pollutants and animal welfare in aquaculture and fisheries. Currently, the availability of non-animal-based seafood flavorings on the market is limited, and animal-based seafood flavorings conflict with vegetarian and vegan criteria. The aim of this study is to explore the use of Tetraselmis chuii as a seafood flavoring in a vegetable broth. The flavor of the T. chuii broth was compared with a broth containing vegan fish flavoring based on a yeast extract and two broths containing white fish and lobster flavorings. To evaluate the different broths, the study employs a combination of sensory evaluation by a trained panel, chemical flavor analysis for aroma and umami characteristics, and consumer acceptability tests. Our results indicate that T. chuii effectively imparts a fish and shellfish flavor to the broth, which is less intense compared to the white fish and lobster flavorings. Nevertheless, consumers are equally positive of the aroma and flavor of the T. chuii broth and the animal-based seafood flavorings broths. The chemical flavor analysis of the T. chuii broth identifies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as dimethyl sulfide, methanethiol, trimethylamine, and 4-heptenal (Z), which collectively contribute to its distinct seafood aroma. Consumer preference tests show a preference for the seafood aroma of the T. chuii broth over the vegan fish flavoring broth, attributed to the meaty-like off-odor originating from specific VOCs of the yeast extract. In contrast, the vegan fish flavoring broth exhibits a stronger umami taste which is explained by elevated levels of free glutamate and guanosine-5′-monophosphate. This study highlights the potential of T. chuii as innovative seafood flavoring agent to enhance the sensory experience of seafood alternatives, contributing to the ongoing development of sustainable and flavorful nonanimal alternatives in the food industry.
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Despite changing attitudes towards animal testing and current legislation to protect experimental animals, the rate of animal experiments seems to have changed little in recent years. On May 15–16, 2013, the In Vitro Testing Industrial Platform (IVTIP) held an open meeting to discuss the state of the art in alternative methods, how companies have, can, and will need to adapt and what drives and hinders regulatory acceptance and use. Several key messages arose from the meeting. First, industry and regulatory bodies should not wait for complete suites of alternative tests to become available, but should begin working with methods available right now (e.g., mining of existing animal data to direct future studies, implementation of alternative tests wherever scientifically valid rather than continuing to rely on animal tests) in non-animal and animal integrated strategies to reduce the numbers of animals tested. Sharing of information (communication), harmonization and standardization (coordination), commitment and collaboration are all required to improve the quality and speed of validation, acceptance, and implementation of tests. Finally, we consider how alternative methods can be used in research and development before formal implementation in regulations. Here we present the conclusions on what can be done already and suggest some solutions and strategies for the future.
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