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Background to the problem Dutch society demonstrates a development which is apparent in many societies in the 21st century; it is becoming ethnically heterogeneous. This means that children who are secondlanguage speakers of Dutch are learning English, a core curriculum subject, through the medium of the Dutch language. Research questions What are the consequences of this for the individual learner and the class situation?Is a bi-lingual background a help or a hindrance when acquiring further language competences. Does the home situation facilitate or impede the learner? Additionally, how should the TEFL professional respond to this situation in terms of methodology, use of the Dutch language, subject matter and assessment? Method of approach A group of ethnic minority students at Fontys University of Professional Education was interviewed. The interviews were subjected to qualitative analysis. To ensure triangulation lecturers involved in teaching English at F.U.P.E. were asked to fill in a questionnaire on their teaching approach to Dutch second language English learners. Thier response was quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Findings and conclusions The students encountered surprisingly few problems. Their bi-lingualism and home situation were not a constraint in their English language development. TEFL professionals should bear the heterogeneous classroom in mind when developing courses and lesson material. The introduction to English at primary school level and the assessment of DL2 learners require further research.
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Background: Early detection and remediation of language disorders are important in helping children to establish appropriate communicative and social behaviour and acquire additional information about the world through the use of language. In the Netherlands, children with (a suspicion of) language disorders are referred to speech and hearing centres for multidisciplinary assessment. Reliable data are needed on the nature of language disorders, as well as the age and source of referral, and the effects of cultural and socioeconomic profiles of the population served in order to plan speech and language therapy service provision. Aims: To provide a detailed description of caseload characteristics of children referred with a possible language disorder by generating more understanding of factors that might influence early identification. Methods & Procedures: A database of 11,450 children was analysed consisting of data on children, aged 2–7 years (70% boys, 30% girls), visiting Dutch speech and hearing centres. The factors analysed were age of referral, ratio of boys to girls, mono‐ and bilingualism, nature of the language delay, and language profile of the children. Outcomes & Results:Results revealed an age bias in the referral of children with language disorders. On average, boys were referred 5 months earlier than girls, and monolingual children were referred 3 months earlier than bilingual children. In addition, bilingual children seemed to have more complex problems at referral than monolingual children. They more often had both a disorder in both receptive and expressive language, and a language disorder with additional (developmental) problems. Conclusions & Implications: This study revealed a bias in age of referral of young children with language disorders. The results implicate the need for objective language screening instruments and the need to increase the awareness of staff in primary child healthcare of red flags in language development of girls and multilingual children aiming at earlier identification of language disorders in these children.
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The effect of bilingual education (BE) on the attitude towards learning English of pupils in the first three years of pre-vocational secondary education in the Netherlands (n = 488) was investigated. Contrary to several other BE/CLIL studies, in the present study pupils choosing for a bilingual stream are not preselected based on their attitude or motivation. Attitude was measured using the Model of Planned Behavior (MPB). The best-fitting attitude model was one in which the perceived importance of learning English was a direct predictor of the Intention to make an effort, and not mediated by Affect. At the start of BE in year 1 (age 12), attitudinal differences between bilingual and mainstream pupils were non-significant, but after one or more years of a bilingual program, BE pupils scored significantly higher on four of the five MPB attitudinal constructs. BE appears to positively influence the attitude towards learning English of junior vocational students.
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Cross-linguistic interaction is a prominent issue in third language (L3) acquisition. The belief that typological similarities are the driving force behind transfer source languages has been rebutted repeatedly. For example, notwithstanding the fact that Dutch–German grammatical parallels are much stronger than those between English and German, Dutch learners of L3 German (L3G) have been found to rely heavily on their second-language (L2) English knowledge in their grammatical L3G development. An important question is how language teachers can support their learners in exploiting their pre-existing linguistic knowledge when learning a new language. This is particularly important for foreign-language teaching that builds on more implicit, usage-based forms of instruction. The present study addresses this question by examining three potential techniques to implicitly raise awareness for transfer opportunities: pedagogical translanguaging (PT), typographic input enhancement (TIE), and input flood (IF). Using a pretest-posttest design, 101 Dutch secondary school learners of L3g indicated their acceptance of correct subject-object-verb and incorrect subject-verb-object subordinate clauses in German. To determine the effects of implicit L3 instruction on the learners’ background language activation, they participated in an intervention with PT, TIE, and IF. Findings of our ecologically valid in-class study indicate that the implicit intervention resulted in a significant increase in students’ awareness of positive first language (L1)–L3 (Dutch-German) transfer opportunities for subordinate clause syntax. Our data support the use of teacher-led implicit instruction that enhances learners’ awareness of positive transfer opportunities to facilitate language learners’ exploitation of their full linguistic repertoire in their L3 development.
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Many bilingual children have an acquisition delay in their L2, which is easily mistaken for SLI. With the aim to, on the one hand, tackle this 'disentangling problem' and, on the other hand, create adequate expectations regarding bilingual "normal" development, we compared Dutch lexical and grammatical skills based on Frog story data collected in five-to-eight-year old monolingual Dutch children and bilingual Turkish-Dutch children with and without SLI. The results show that (bilingual) SLI children perform worse on the overall grammatical skills compared to their unimpaired age peers. In contrast, lexical skills are more vulnerable in both bilingual groups. As such, narratives provide a suitable area within which to investigate the relation between SLI and bilingualism.
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Teaching history requires clear, detailed and subject specific language. History teachers teaching in a second language are confronted with students' second language limitations, which likely have an aggravating impact on their application of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). We analysed and compared 12 Dutch spoken and 12 English spoken paired history lessons in junior grades 7 and 9. Contrary to our expectation, we found a strong similarity of the teachers’ PCK application in both grades 7 and 9, irrespective of the used language. The PCK application in both grades and languages was of average quality, while the PCK used in grade 9 was more advanced.
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Multilingualism is common in educational settings across Europe and beyond, yet many language teachers report feeling unprepared to valorise the different languages students bring to their classrooms. Multilingual language learning interventions – activities that intentionally draw on students' multilingual repertoires – offer one way to enhance language learning. Research suggests that such interventions can support students' language proficiency and cross-linguistic awareness, particularly in upper primary, secondary and university contexts. Nevertheless, no systematic literature review has yet synthesised interventions fostering language proficiency and cross-linguistic awareness in educational settings for language learners aged ten or older. Consequently, this systematic review of 17 studies seeks insights into (1) types of multilingual language learning interventions fostering language proficiency and cross-linguistic awareness for this group of language learners, and (2) the outcomes of these intervention types. Our narrative analyses identified three types of multilingual language-learning interventions with outcomes related to language proficiency and/or cross-linguistic awareness: (1) Creating multilingual space in language learning, (2) Raising cross-linguistic awareness with structured tasks and (3) Exploiting multilingual repertoires to support language skills. Our review offers practical insights and directions for further research on using students' multilingual repertoires in upper primary, secondary and university language learning settings.
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Inaugurele rede uitgesproken in verkorte vorm bij de aanvaarding van de positie van lector Meertaligheid en Geletterdheid aan de NHL Stenden Hogeschool. In deze rede gaat Joana Duarte dieper in op het thema meertaligheid in het onderwijs vanuit een sociolinguïstisch perspectief op het noorden van Nederland.
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In dit boekje worden de resultaten van het NRO Comeniusproject "Gelijke kansen door meertalige pabo's" (2018-2021) gepresenteerd. In dit project wordt de toegankelijkheid van de pabo voor nieuwkomers bevorderd door een schakelklas van mbo naar hbo. In de didactiek en het opleidingsonderwijs wordt de rol van de thuistalen bij het leren ontwikkeld, zoals beschreven in het rapport ‘Ruimte voor nieuwe talenten’ (2017). Docenten én studenten gaan samenwerken om de gelijke kansen van studenten die ondervertegenwoordigde talen spreken, te bevorderen.
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