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3Grootstedelijke vraagstukken zoals gebiedsontwikkeling, bestaanszekerheid en duurzaamheid vereisen een aanpak die zich over verschillende – bestuurlijke – domeinen uitstrekt. Dat vraagt om professionals die grenzen tussen die verschillende domeinen weten te overbruggen, om zo tot oplossingen te komen die recht doen aan een veelheid van vaak tegenstrijdige belangen. Deze professionals treden vaak op als ‘boundary spanners’. Maar hoe doen zij dit? En wat kunnen (aankomende) project- en programmamanagers daarvan leren?
Op basis van vijf grootstedelijke praktijken laten we zien wat boundary spanners daarbij tegenkomen. Hiermee bieden we handvatten aan andere professionals om grenzen te overbruggen. We delen die kennis graag, om zo bij te dragen aan duurzame oplossingen voor domeinoverstijgende, grootstedelijke vraagstukken.
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Professionals are increasingly involved in attempts to understand and address problems with wicked tendencies, which require crossing boundaries between disciplines, organizations and stakeholder perspectives. This multiple-case study investigated six higher professional education courses in order to develop better understanding of how teachers foster the development of students’ boundary-crossing expertise through enhancing relevant learning processes in courses focusing on wicked-problem-solving in interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder contexts. We viewed students’ relevant learning processes as learning mechanisms that foster boundary awareness (identification and reflection) and boundary work (coordination and transformation) and considered teachers to be enablers of such learning processes. Data came from semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and stakeholders, observations and document study. We identified nine interrelated enabling strategies teachers used. To foster students’ observation of wickedness through boundary awareness, they encouraged mutual acquaintance, open exploration, opportunities for learning, and multi-perspectivity. To foster students’ action through boundary work, they encouraged initial contact, joint action and multifaceted perspectives on value creation. To foster the interplay between boundary awareness and work, they encouraged successive refinement and structure while embracing wickedness. Balancing the tension that students experience at boundaries when navigating complexity, uncertainty and value divergence was identified as an important element of these enabling strategies.
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Ingewikkelde vraagstukken of opgaven in het sociale, pedagogische en educatieve domein beperken zich meestal niet tot één van deze domeinen. Ze vragen om een aanpak waarbij professionals uit meerdere domeinen betrokken zijn: vanuit de verschillende disciplines, organisaties of afdelingen die er elk op hun eigen manier iets mee te maken hebben. Die samenwerking tussen de domeinen is nodig om de complexe vraagstukken rond kinderen met wie deze professionals werken, succesvol op te pakken. Maar de betrokken organisaties en professionals brengen daarbij ieder hun eigen achtergronden, werkwijzen en perspectieven mee. Sociale of culturele verschillen (zoals een andere visie, andere vaktaal, een andere manier van werken) of verschillen die vooral praktisch van aard zijn (zoals verschillende werkschema’s of systemen die niet op elkaar aansluiten) maken het soms een uitdaging om écht integraal aan gezamenlijke uitdagingen werken: vanuit een gedeelde visie, met een gedeelde aanpak, aan een gedeeld doel.
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Symposiumbijdrage conferentie EARLI SIG 14, 11-14 september 2018, Genève Learning across the contexts of school and the workplace is highly relevant to the VET-sector. This contribution analyses these cross-contextual learning processes with three key issues in mind: (1) guidance by vocational educators, (2) assessment of students’ development and (3) design of VET-learning environments. Guidance, assessment and overarching VET-curriculum designs form the basis for constructive alignment as an approach to optimize conditions for high quality cross-contextual learning processes. We used the theoretical framework of boundary crossing to clarify the complex, multilevel nature of these key issues.
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Learning environment designs at the boundary of school and work can be characterised as integrative because they integrate features from the contexts of school and work. Many different manifestations of such integrative learning environments are found in current vocational education, both in senior secondary education and higher professional education. However, limited research has focused on how to design these learning environments and not much is known about their designable elements (i.e. the epistemic, spatial, instrumental, temporal and social elements that constitute the learning environments). The purpose of this study was to examine manifestations of two categories of integrative learning environment designs: designs based on incorporation; and designs based on hybridisation. Cross-case analysis of six cases in senior secondary vocational education and higher professional education in the Netherlands led to insights into the designable elements of both categories of designs. We report findings about the epistemic, spatial, instrumental, temporal and social elements of the studied cases. Specific characteristics of designs based on incorporation and designs based on hybridisation were identified and links between the designable elements became apparent, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of the design of learning environments that aim to connect the contexts of school and work.
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Throughout society, dialogues about Artificial Intelligence (AI) are dominated by a range of technophobic or techno-solutionist narratives. Both these narratives share a technological focus. To develop responsible AI, however, it is important to look at the systemic ecological and societal underpinnings and repercussions of this technology. These underpinnings easily go unnoticed by decision-makers because of their invisible and intangible character. In addition, a narrow focus on technology distracts from the humans who are responsible for designing AI systems and the power these AI systems have over both humans and the more-than-human. Hence, one challenge in developing AI responsibly is moving from current narratives towards relational ‘power narratives’ by reframing dialogues in a multi-stakeholder setting. Systemic Design and the research-through-design practice offer several methods for this purpose. One of them is to work with a physical boundary object (PBO). This paper describes the design and use of the PBO ‘Who pulls the strings’. The PBO was used in a quadruple-helix co-creative setting. Through intra-action, participants became aware of the influence of each stakeholder within the power system and were able to have an ongoing dialogue about existing power relations and ways to reshape these collaboratively. The contributions of this paper include creating novel insights about what design principles can be used to design a PBO when employing entanglement theory and how a PBO can invite dialogue about the invisible and intangible power relations behind AI systems.
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The Convention on Biodiversity has developed the concept of ‘ecosystem services’ and ‘natural resources’ in order to describe ways in which humans benefit from healthy ecosystems. Biodiversity, conceived through the economic approach, was recognized to be of great social and economic value to both present and future populations. According to its critics, the economic capture approach might be inadequate in addressing rapid biodiversity loss, since many non-human species do not have an economic value and there may thus be limited grounds for prohibiting or even restricting their destruction. This article aims to examine the concept of biodiversity through competing discourses of sustainability and to discuss the implications for education for sustainable development (ESD). https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408213495606 https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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De gemeente Haarlem koos voor een vernieuwende aanpak bij de herinrichting van de Nieuwe Groenmarkt. In plaats van een traditioneel ontwerptraject besloot het college in september 2023 om het plan in co-creatie met bewoners, ondernemers en maatschappelijke organisaties te ontwikkelen. Ontwerpbureau Open Kaart kreeg de regie. Het resultaat is een proces met daarin gebruik van onder meer grensobjecten en grensoverbruggende taal. Gertjan de Groot spreekt met Jurrian Arnold (Open Kaart) over de kleine overwinningen en belangrijke momenten tijdens dit ontwerpproces.
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The emergence of organic planning practices in the Netherlands introduces new, non-conventional, local actors initiating bottom-up urban developments. Dissatisfied with conventional practices and using opportunities during the 2008 financial crisis, these actors aim to create social value, thus challenging prevailing institutions. Intrigued by such actors becoming more present and influential in urban planning and development processes, we aim to identify who they are. We use social entrepreneurship and niche formation theories to analyse and identify three types of social entrepreneurs. The first are early pioneers, adopting roles of a developer and end-user, but lacking position and power to realize goals. Secondly, by acting as boundary spanners and niche entrepreneurs, they evolve towards consolidated third sector organizations in the position to realize developments. A third type are intermediate agents facilitating developments as boundary spanners and policy entrepreneurs, without pursuing urban development themselves but aiming at realizing broader policy goals. Our general typology provides a rich picture of actors involved in bottom-up urban developments by applying theories from domains of innovation management and business transition management to urban planning and development studies. It shows that the social entrepreneurs in bottom-up urban development can be considered the result of social innovation, but this social innovation is set within a neoliberal context, and in many cases passively or actively conditioned by states and markets.
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Stedelijke professionals die de leefbaarheid in steden en wijken willen verbeteren, stuiten vaak op grenzen. Grenzen tussen de gemeente en de bewoners van wijken, grenzen tussen professionals uit verschillende domeinen, grenzen tussen ondernemers en bewoners. Hoe overbrug je die grenzen, zodat de leefbaarheid in steden en wijken toeneemt? Die vraag staat centraal in dit themanummer. En daarbij zullen we de verschillende manieren om grenzen te overbruggen belichten.
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