ZoekresultatenZoekresultaten
Volg ons op
Volg ons op
Types
0Instelling
26Publicatiejaar
6Producttype
18Bestandstype
9Taal
5Onderzoeksthema's
13Publicaties met bestand/URL
2Projectstatus
3Cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable for climate change and there is an urgent need
to become more resilient. This research involves the development of the City climate scan
Rotterdam (September 2017) methodology to measure, map, scan and assess different
parameters that together give insight in the vulnerability of urban areas and neighborhoods.
The research at recent City climate scan / Sketch your city in April 2018 used storytelling and
sketching1 as main method to connect stakeholders, motivate action, evoke recognition in a
jointly formulated goal, such as taking climate action. The city climate scan also involved the
development of a set of measurement tools that can be applied in different urban
neighborhoods in a low-cost low-tech approach with teams of stakeholders and
practitioners. The city climate scan method was tested in different cities around the globe
(Rotterdam, Manila and Cebu) in groups of young professionals and stakeholders in rapid
urban appraisals.
PAPER
This paper introduces and contextualises Climate Futures, an experiment in which AI was repurposed as a ‘co-author’ of climate stories and a co-designer of climate-related images that facilitate reflections on present and future(s) of living with climate change. It converses with histories of writing and computation, including surrealistic ‘algorithmic writing’, recombinatory poems and ‘electronic literature’. At the core lies a reflection about how machine learning’s associative, predictive and regenerative capacities can be employed in playful, critical and contemplative goals. Our goal is not automating writing (as in product-oriented applications of AI). Instead, as poet Charles Hartman argues, ‘the question isn’t exactly whether a poet or a computer writes the poem, but what kinds of collaboration might be interesting’ (1996, p. 5). STS scholars critique labs as future-making sites and machine learning modelling practices and, for example, describe them also as fictions. Building on these critiques and in line with ‘critical technical practice’ (Agre, 1997), we embed our critique of ‘making the future’ in how we employ machine learning to design a tool for looking ahead and telling stories on life with climate change. This has involved engaging with climate narratives and machine learning from the critical and practical perspectives of artistic research. We trained machine learning algorithms (i.e. GPT-2 and AttnGAN) using climate fiction novels (as a dataset of cultural imaginaries of the future). We prompted them to produce new climate fiction stories and images, which we edited to create a tarot-like deck and a story-book, thus also playfully engaging with machine learning’s predictive associations. The tarot deck is designed to facilitate conversations about climate change. How to imagine the future beyond scenarios of resilience and the dystopian? How to aid our transition into different ways of caring for the planet and each other?
ARTIKEL
Cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change and there is an urgent need to become more resilient. This research involves the development of the City Climate Scan methodology to measure, map, scan and assess different parameters that provide insight into the vulnerability of urban areas and neighborhoods. The research involved the development of a set of measurement tools that can be applied in different urban neighborhoods in a low-cost low-tech approach with teams of stakeholders and practitioners. The City Climate Scan method was tested in different cities around the globe with groups of young professionals and stakeholders in rapid urban appraisals.
For the Rotterdam City Climate Scan (September 2017), the following challenges were selected: risk of flooding, heat stress, water quality (micro-pollutants and plastic waste) and air quality. The Rotterdam climate scan is evaluated with their triple helix partners (public, private and academic partners). The conclusion is that the City Climate Scan approach helps policy makers and practitioners to gather valuable data for decision makers in a rapid appraisal at the neighborhood and city level. The results of the City Climate Scan method
provides insights, creates awareness and brings together stakeholders. The most valuable deliverable is the concrete and tangible results. The participatory approach brings residents and practitioners together and provides insight into local problems, while at the same time the method facilitates the collection of valuable data about the robustness of neighborhoods. As a result of this positive evaluation, the City Climate Scan will be up scaled to a number of cities in Europe and Asia in the upcoming months.
BIJDRAGE AAN CONGRESVERSLAG
Over the past few years the tone of the debate around climate change has shifted from sceptical to soberingly urgent as the global community has prioritised the research into solutions which will mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. So far this research has been insufficient. One of the major problems for driving public and private stakeholders to implement existing solutions and research new ones is how we communicate about climate change (Stoknes, 2014). There seems to be a lack of common language that drives the scientific community away from policymakers and the public. Due to this lack, it is hard to translate findings into viable and sustainable solutions and to adopt new climate-neutral economies and habits.
HOOFDSTUK
**What Is This Book About?** The connection between climate change, police, and policing is counterintuitive to many, as the link between the three is not immediately apparent. Throughout the research on this topic, a range of reactions were encountered, including scepticism and curiosity. Some have asked, ‘Does this mean that police officers will distribute water bottles on the street?’ Others have inquired, ‘Is this primarily about policing climate protests?’ or even, ‘Does it suggest that police officers need to adopt a vegan lifestyle?’ These diverse responses only reinforced my conviction that there is a need for a comprehensive examination of this subject. This book seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of how climate change is reshaping police work, both by altering the nature of crimes that law enforcement must respond to and by driving structural and operational transformations within police organisations. This book aims to explore the various processes, practices, and events through which the accelerating effects of climate change are transforming, and will continue to transform, police institutions and policing practices worldwide. Over the course of 3 years researching this topic, I frequently encountered the assertion that police services are largely unaware of this interrelationship and the broader debates surrounding it. At the same time, I observed that policing is rarely included in discussions about climate change, even in highly relevant and connected debates on climate and security. In criminology, research on this topic has predominantly focused on the criminalisation of environmental and climate activism, often neglecting other critical dimensions of the relationship between police, policing, and climate change. However, as a frontline public safety service that operates in close and near-constant proximity to tensions, conflicts, harms, and crimes, the police should be regarded as a key actor in these discussions. Over the past 3 years, it has become increasingly clear to me that we are witnessing the formative years of ‘green, eco-conscious, and climate-aware’ policing. While a few pioneering examples exist, efforts remain fragmented and lack proper coordination and implementation. This emerging shift is, in many ways, comparable to the early development of counterterrorism strategies within police organisations in the 1960s and 1970s (Hobson & Pedahzur, 2022), highlighting both the challenges and the urgent need for systematic integration. My hope for this book is not only to contribute to the steadily emerging academic discussion and empirical evidence on these issues within criminology, and policing studies in particular, but, most importantly, it will reach police practitioners, without whom these debates are meaningless. Alongside biodiversity loss and air pollution, climate change is one of the most significant, society-wide, environmental challenges facing humanity, pushing everyone into new territory of challenges and adaptation efforts (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2024). The anthropogenic impact on climate change, meaning it is caused by human activity, presents a perplexing paradox: it is the very contemporary ways of life, work, and the pursuit of development and profit that humanity has created are driving this catastrophic scenario. Another unfortunate realisation is that any positive developments in this area, such as the growing momentum for ecocide legislation, additional resources for setting up environmental police teams, or city-wide heat-wave plans, are driven by the accelerating, increasingly adverse, and more noticeable effects of climate change and environmental degradation. Although the book is aimed at the police as the primary audience, it also speaks to us—and you as an individual reader—emphasising that we all can create bridges of understanding and collaboration in this field. Emerging scholarship and grey literature on this topic tends to focus on one of two key questions. The first one predominantly explores how the consequences of climate change are transforming the landscape of harms and crimes (Agnew, 2012;Farrall, 2012; Hallenberg, 2021; Matczak & Bergh, 2023; UNODC, 2024). Agnew’s theoretical model of the effects of climate change on crime suggests that climate-related consequences of climate change will likely increase a wide range of societal strains that contribute to criminality, heighten social conflicts, reduce both formal and informal social control, weaken social support, foster beliefs and values conducive to crime, and increase overall opportunities for crime (Agnew, 2012). Second question has generated a growing body of scholarly evidence suggesting that climate change, alongside other complex challenges, will not only have a significant impact on policing but may also lead to a long-term transformation in the role of law enforcement within societies. This shift will increasingly require police forces to demonstrate resilience and collaborate with a diverse range of actors who are also engaged in policing-related tasks (Carrilho, 2019; Mutongwizo et al., 2022; Blaustein et al., 2023, Lydon et al., 2024; Malik & Berg, 2024). Featuring interdisciplinary research, a comprehensive literature review, and 23 expert interviews, this book builds on and extends my earlier co-authored research work on the impact of climate change on police professional practice (see Matczak & Bergh, 2023). It is written with the aim to help police practitioners, policymakers, scholars, and others interested in the topic, better understand the intersection between climate change and police work, as it manifests through different processes, practices, and events, along with its nature and complexity. On a more practical level, this book is intended to assist police leadership in guiding future practice and policy developments in this area and in developing targeted climate adaptation plans within their respective police organisations. As these are pioneering years, our understanding of the connection between climate change, police, and policing is evolving in real time. To capture a comprehensive perspective, I invited a diverse range of experts from various disciplines to contribute to this research. Among them are criminologists, policing specialists, security experts, climate scientists, police officers, lawyers, and activists. While some agreed to be identified in this book, others preferred to remain anonymous. Their insights and contributions will be introduced gradually as the findings unfold. The expert interviews included participants who, under ordinary circumstances, would be unlikely to engage in discussions within the same setting. They came not only from different countries but also from distinct organisations and areas of expertise. In total, experts from 11 countries participated, including Australia, Belgium, France, Greece, India, Indonesia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Among them were professionals with experience and insights from institutions such as EUROPOL, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the International Criminal Court (ICC), Stop Ecocide International, and the World Bank. Clifford Shearing, prominent and renowned policing scholar, interviewed as one of the experts, pointed out, we are currently witnessing a significant restructuring of police at its conceptual, organisational, and practical levels—a process that is far from systematic or planned: *We live in a time of a huge flux in policing. It’s like we took the Lego of policing and just threw it up in the air. And we don’t know how it’s going to land, but certainly it will not be as before. (Clifford Shearing)* In the field of criminology and policing studies, David Lydon, a former police officer who is now a Senior Lecturer in Professional Policing in the United Kingdom, highlighted a significant gap in scholarship. He pointed out a notable paucity of researchers capable of analysing current trends to develop theoretical frameworks for understanding the future trajectory of policing in the context of emerging global challenges. *Arguably there are at the moment very few people in police scholarship who are what I would call futurists. They’re dealing with the here and now, but they’re not futurists in thinking in that way. Being a futurist is more of an interdisciplinary approach. (David Lydon)* The multilayered complexity of this issue means that the impact of climate change can no longer be researched or discussed solely from the perspective of a single discipline in order to construct a comprehensive narrative. Recent climate change debates have elevated the interdisciplinary approach in science to new heights. Accordingly, this book draws on literature and expert perspectives from different branches of criminology and beyond, in an effort to contribute to that shift, and to capture and understand at least a small fraction of these ‘falling Lego pieces’. We live in a world of constant transformation. The issue of how climate change affects police work emerges alongside an equally significant and unpredictable technological revolution, accelerated by the advent of AI, which already profoundly influences the crime and harm landscape and police preparedness to face these challenges. Additionally, this book’s topic arises amidst ongoing discussions about the impact of social media, societal polarisation, global geopolitical instability, geoengineering experiments, and numerous other interconnected factors. As US investigative journalist Christian Parenti (2011) has long observed that the consequences of climate change intersect with pre-existing crises and vulnerabilities, which he describes as a ‘catastrophic convergence’, which is a situation where problems compound and amplify one another, with one crisis manifesting through another, also known as a ‘cascading failure’. While the consequences of climate change are inevitable, the scale and extent of these changes remain uncertain. Climate change creates a ripple effect, often likened to the butterfly effect, where its impacts cascade unpredictably. Uncovering these ripple effects and their manifestations is challenging, as they rarely come with a direct label, and this holds true for police work as well, as highlighted by Thammy Evans, another interviewed expert who is Senior Research Associate in Climate Change and (In)Security Project based in the United Kingdom: *Climate issues don’t appear as climate issues directly. It’s a bit like dealing with poverty. The police don’t really deal with poverty, but they do deal with its symptoms. These symptoms don’t come with a label that says this is a climate induced effect. (Thammy Evans)* Although climate change is a gradual process, it often reminds us of its presence through acute and potentially catastrophic events, such as disasters. However, the challenges it induces have gradually permeated the police and policing landscape, both directly and indirectly. This book seeks to connect these dislocations of climate change manifestations and expand the ongoing debate about its implications for police work.
BOEK
Sustainable Open Solutions Climate Waterfront is an interdisciplinary project that aims to explore waterfronts in Europe facing extreme situations under the threat of climate change, eg. heat, too much absent rain and sea level rise with all its consequences. The central goal is to exchange adaptive strategies for sustainable solutions for infrastructure and urban planning. The multidisciplinary perspective in cooperation with all possible partners, stakeholders and citizens, leads to a better understanding of the challenges and adaptation strategies.
The participating parties are six coastal cities: Lisbon, Rome, Thessaloniki, Gdansk, Stockholm and the Amsterdam region. All these cities, except ‘Amsterdam’, are represented by a university. The Amsterdam area is represented by a multidisciplinary, educated but not necessarily academically employed delegation.
BOEK
Effects of climate change in cities are evident and are expected to increase in the future, demanding adaptation. In order to share knowledge, raise awareness, and build capacity on climate adaptation, the first concept of a “ClimateCafé” has been utilized since 2012 in 25 events all over the world. In 8 years ClimateCafé grew into a field education concept involving different fields of science and practice for capacity building in climate change adaptation. This chapter describes the need, method, and results of ClimateCafés and provides tools for organizing a ClimateCafé in a context-specific case. Early ClimateCafés in the Philippines are compared with the ClimateCafé in Peru to elucidate the development of this movement, in which one of the participants of ClimateCafé Philippines 2016 became the co-organizer of ClimateCafé Peru in 2019. The described progress of ClimateCafés provides detailed information on the dynamic methodological aspects, holding different workshops. The workshops aim at generating context-specific data on climate adaptation by using tools and innovative data collection techniques addressing deep uncertainties that come with climate change adaptation. Results of the workshops show that context-specific, relevant, multidisciplinary data can be gathered in a short period of time with limited resources, which promotes the generation of ideas that can be used by local stakeholders in their local context. A ClimateCafé therefore stimulates accelerated climate action and support for adaptation solutions, from the international and the local, from the public and private sector, to ensure we learn from each other and work together for a climate resilient future. The methodology of ClimateCafé is still maturing and the evaluation of the ClimateCafés over time leads to improvements which are applied during upcoming ClimateCafés, giving a clear direction for further development of this methodology for knowledge exchange, capacity building, and bridging the gap between disciplines within climate adaptation.
HOOFDSTUK
European Union’s vulnerability to climate change stretches far beyond its borders because many of its economic sectors, such as meat and dairy, use raw materials sourced from far afield. Cross-border climate vulnerability is a relatively new subject in scientific literature, while of high societal and economic relevance. We quantify these climate vulnerabilities with a focus on drought risk and assessed them for 2030, 2050, 2085 and for RCP 2.6 and 6.0 climate scenarios. Here we find that more than 44% of the EU agricultural imports will become highly vulnerable to drought in future because of climate change. The drought severity in production locations of the agricultural imports in 2050 will increase by 35% compared to current levels of drought severity. This is particularly valid for imports that originate from Brazil, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, India and Turkey. At the same time, imports from Russia, Nigeria, Peru, Ecuador, Uganda and Kenya will be less vulnerable in future. We also report that the climate vulnerabilities of meat and dairy, chocolate (cocoa), coffee, palm oil-based food and cosmetic sectors mainly lie outside the EU borders rather than inside.
ARTIKEL
All Gone is a series of experiments with AI that build on existing collections of climate fiction to create much-needed new climate imaginaries. As the climate crisis is also a “crisis of imagination” (Ghosh, 2016), this project turns to the art genre that is best at forecasting and imagining alternative futures: science fiction. Using collections of ‘cli-fi’ novels, in which science fiction meets natural disaster or heavy weather, algorithms are trained until they are able to render new climate imaginaries in textual and visual form. The edited texts and curated images are further developed into audio stories and a tarot deck as tools for reflection on present and future living with a changing climate.
TENTOONSTELLING
