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3Cyanobacterial blooms can be toxic to humans swimming in affected waters. According to the European Bathing Water Directive bathing waters should be closed during cyanobacterial blooms. In the Netherlands, cyanobacteria monitoring in all official bathing water locations is usually performed every two weeks during the bathing season. In face of the large temporal and spatial
variability of cyanobacterial bloom dynamics this monitoring frequency however is too low for adequate early warnings to the public.
High frequency monitoring and forecasting models can provide information on cyanobacterial blooms in between the regular monitoring dates and for a few days into the future. In the H2020 project EOMORES, we have combined observational data from a spectral camera (Ecowatch) near a Dutch bathing site with fluorescence data from an underwater drone to analyse the variability of
cyanobacterial blooms at short temporal and spatial scales. The results are used in a short term forecasting model of cyanobacterial blooms (AlgaeRadar) and a 3D scum forecasting model (EWACS). The AlgaeRadar is cross-validated with biweekly data from other bathing water sites and shows improved model performance compared to an earlier version that was built with only biweekly data.
For the site with high-frequency chlorophyll observations the near-real time data are assimilated in the model to further enhance the model performance. Model performance of EWACS is verified using high frequency pictures from the Ecowatch station, showing scum layers on the water. This allowed us to validate and calibrate the EWACS model. Model validation abilities were in the past
also limited by to the patchy nature and high temporal variability of the scum layers, which was not covered by sparse scum observations. With the resulting models, early warnings for cyanobacterial blooms are more reliable than those from the current practice that are merely based on biweekly monitoring data. For the protection of public health this provides better opportunities as well.
DOCUMENT
Cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable for climate change and there is an urgent need
to become more resilient. This research involves the development of the City climate scan
Rotterdam (September 2017) methodology to measure, map, scan and assess different
parameters that together give insight in the vulnerability of urban areas and neighborhoods.
The research at recent City climate scan / Sketch your city in April 2018 used storytelling and
sketching1 as main method to connect stakeholders, motivate action, evoke recognition in a
jointly formulated goal, such as taking climate action. The city climate scan also involved the
development of a set of measurement tools that can be applied in different urban
neighborhoods in a low-cost low-tech approach with teams of stakeholders and
practitioners. The city climate scan method was tested in different cities around the globe
(Rotterdam, Manila and Cebu) in groups of young professionals and stakeholders in rapid
urban appraisals.
DOCUMENT
This research involves the development of the City Scan methodology to measure, map, scan and assess different parameters that together give insight in the vulnerability of urban areas and neighborhoods. Cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable for climate change and there is an urgent need to become more resilient. The research involved the development of a set of measurement tools that can be applied in different urban neighborhoods in a lowcost low-tech approach with teams of stakeholders and practitioners. The city scan method was tested in different cities around the globe in groups of young professionals and
stakeholders in rapid urban appraisals.
DOCUMENT
We, humans have our roots in pre-Anthropocene eras where we gathered skills for survival and establishing our culture. The cumulated tacit knowledge, the skills, ideas and experiences that can only be shared by personal contact and mutual trust, is evolved and cumulated during this pre-Anthropocene era. This tacit knowledge is geared to our existence and to local circumstances, it is
the indigenous knowledge necessary for local adaptation and for (cultural) perseverance. The Anthropocene era however, is characterized by rapid changes with respect to environment, climate, food sovereignty, culture and more. Our tacit knowledge needs to evolve and adapt at the same pace as changes happen in our environment and culture. Changes in the Anthropocene era are fast
and disruptive thereby challenging concomitant evolution of our tacit knowledge
DOCUMENT
Inland surface water systems are characterized by constant variations in time and space. The increased pressure, of natural or anthropic origin, as a consequence of climate change, population growth and urban development accentuate these changes. Effective water management is key to achieve European waterquality and ecological goals. This is only possible with accurate and extensive knowledge of water systems.The collection of data using platforms such as underwater, water surface or aerial drones is gradually becoming more common and appraised. However, these are not yet standard practice in watermanagement. This work addresses the receptivity of water managers in the Netherlands towards underwater drone technology:· Listing and testing of suitable applications;· Comparison between data requirements of water managers (e.g. legislation) and data thatunderwater drones can provide;· Identification of features should R&D projects focus to increase the interest of the water sector.
DOCUMENT
Over the past 20 years, water quality in Indonesia has deteriorated due to an increase of water pollution. Research and analysis is needed to identify pollution sources and assess contamination in Indonesian water resources. Water quality management is not yet sufficiently integrated in river basin management in Indonesia, which mainly focuses on water quantity. Women are comparatively highly impacted by failing water resources management, but their
involvement in decision making processes is limited. Water quality deterioration continues to increase socio-economic inequality, as it are the most poor communities who live on and along the river. The uneven water quality related disease burden in Brantas River Basin widens the socio-economic gap between societal groups. In the Brantas region, cooperation and intention between stakeholders to tackle these issues is growing, but is fragile as well due to overlapping institutional mandates, poor status of water quality monitoring networks, and limited commitment of industries to treat their waste water streams. The existing group of Indonesian change makers will be supported by this project. Three Indonesian and three Dutch organisations have teamed up to support negotiation platforms in order to deal with institutional challenges, to increase water quality monitoring capacity, to build an enabling environment facilitating sustainable industrial change, and to develop an enabling environment in support of community concerns and civil society initiatives. The project builds on integrated water quality monitoring and modelling within a framework of social learning. The strong consortium will be able to build links with civil society groups (including women, farmer and fisher unions) in close cooperation with local, regional and national Indonesian government
institutions to clean the Brantas river and secure income and health for East Java’s population, in particular the most vulnerable groups.
DOCUMENT
The changing climate has an effect on the quality of life in our cities: heavier rainfall (resulting in
floodings), longer periods of drought, reduced air and water quality and increasing temperatures in
cities (heat stress). Awareness about these changes among various stakeholders is of great
importance. Every Dutch region is required to perform a stresstest indicating the effects of climate
change (o.a. flooding and heatstress) before 2020. The level of execution, area size and level of
participation of stakeholders, has intentionally been made flexible.
To provide more insight into the approaches and best management practices to climate resilience,
this article provides 3 examples of stresstests performed on several levels: single object real estate
level, city level and national district level. The method ‘stresstestíng’, involves flood and heatstress
modeling, defines the current status of climate adaptation characteristics of an object, city or district.
The stresstest form the base line and starting point for the national 3 step approach adaptation
strategy ‘analyse, ambition and action’.
The 3 pilots have been evaluated as ‘successful’ by stakeholders and yielded a significant amount of
valuable information, further improvement is recommended as increasing the participation of the
private sector, in a ‘quadruple helix approach’. The learning points from these 3 examples of
stresstests will subsequently be implemented in the form of improved stresstesting in the near
future in (inter)national cities around the world.
DOCUMENT
There is an urgency for developing methods that are capable of monitoring water
systems that are fast changing due to climate change and increase of anthropogenic pressure. Updated and real-time detailed data is necessary to support water and soil management strategies. This study evaluates the implementations of novel techniques in different socio-economic settings. Sensors and cameras were installed in mobile platforms (including boats and underwater drones), and deployed to assess spatial data variability. Environmental scans were performed at multiple locations with different water systems in The Netherlands, Indonesia and Denmark. Results from the
multiple methods (sensor, cameras) provided new insights into spatial variation of water quality, contrasting with traditional point sampling. Feedback from water
authorities and other stakeholders indicate that collected data can be used to
support management actions, and that such increasingly accessible technologies
contribute to creating awareness to water related issues.
DOCUMENT
Many adaptation projects struggle with financial feasibility in the current financial system and
consequently face a decreased implementation probability. One means of addressing this
challenge is the accurate valuation of secondary benefits, for example (social) marketing
potential, employment and knowledge development. Based on personal experience with real
cases in The Netherlands, the authors of this paper have identified the (social) marketing
potential of ‘sustainable development (SD) icon projects’ (highly visible SD
features/characteristics) as a significant driver of stakeholder value. However, utilization of this
driver of stakeholder value demands accurate valuation and subsequent integration into the
financial feasibility evaluation of adaptation projects.
DOCUMENT
Urban planners and several stakeholders in public and private sector are in need of (quickscan) tools that can assess the vulnerability to floods and thermal stress. Urban flooding and thermal stress have become key issues for many
cities around the world. With the continuing effects of climate change, these two issues will become more acute and will add to the serious problems already experienced in dense urban areas around the globe.
The present paper presents a large scale ‘stresstest’ that deals with the combination of innovative tools to address these challenges. For the whole province of Fryslân in The Netherlands flood maps and heat stress maps were
developed and used for the comparison analysis. Concrete priority problem locations where located with models and climate adaptive measures were selected in masterclasses in the period of January 2017 to June 2018 in a triple
helix consortium. The scale of this climate adaptation stresstest is considered the biggest and detailed in the world due to the high tech computing and the participation of all stakeholders involved. The masterclasses help stakeholders to follow the 3 step climate adaptation strategy 'analyse, ambition, act' with a
focus on the first step ‘analyse’ that raises awareness and provides insights on the resilience to climate change of a specific area. The first evaluation of the applied tools and project results and by the stakeholders is positive. The
project raised awareness on climate adaptation and delivered a calibrated stresstest for Fryslân with detailed calculations of flood risks and heatstress in the city. Best practices and climate adaptation strategies are created in
masterclasses. Stakeholders have a detailed insight in the vulnerability and resilience of their district and have concrete examples and plans to implement climate adaptation measures in the near future.
DOCUMENT
