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3Continuous development and increasing usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) introduce many opportunities for individuals, organizations and the society at large. The usage of ICT, however, increases also people’s dependency on the well-functioning of Information Systems (ISs), which are, in turn, based on ICT. This dependency on ISs introduces increasing risks for individuals, organizations and the society. Privacy and cybersecurity risks constitute two important categories of such IS risks due to proliferation of personal data via ISs and the vulnerability of these systems to intentional and unintentional threats. In order to address and contain privacy and cybersecurity risks, there is an increasing need for protecting ISs and the personal data that are collected by, stored in, and analyzed within these systems. This need shapes the mission of the Research Chair on Privacy & Cybersecurity at Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences. This mission can be formulated as: How to realize privacy-protecting and secure ISs in practice? Currently, there are gaps between the existing approaches and what is needed in practice. Bridging these gaps requires further research as well as embodiment of the research results in education curricula. As a starting point, this contribution elaborates on a number of the existing gaps and discusses some possible directions for bridging these gaps.
BOEK
Naast de vele publicaties in de media en het materiaal, dat de leveranciers van EIS-pakketten verspreiden, hebben vorig twee onafhankelijk van elkaar opererende werkgroepen onderzoeksrapportages uitgebracht over de praktijkervaringen met Executive Information Systems (EIS) in Nederland.
ARTIKEL
Many people are concerned about how information systems deal with human values such as privacy and trust. In this paper, we discuss the role of human values in the design of information systems. We elaborate on the nature of human values and discuss various approaches on how to address human values, including value-sensitive design, worth-centered design and understanding as an additional step to prepare for systems design. We discuss the meaning of values like 'privacy' and 'trust' in the area of healthcare and public safety. Subsequently, we illustrate our considerations, exemplifying how privacy and trust might be embedded in a healthcare system to monitor dementia patients and how privacy might be embedded in a public safety system. Finally, we discuss how human values may be addressed in the process of developing and implementing information systems.
ARTIKEL
Reliable management information is invaluable for policymakers and advisers to make informed policy decisions. Depending on the information needs of the policymakers and the characteristics of the data required, different approaches exploiting different ways to process data from multiple sources, may be used. In this chapter, we describe three information systems currently in use in the Dutch criminal justice system. The first system is based on a dataspace approach and uses aggregate data to provide a view on the current state of the criminal justice system. This is particularly useful for evaluating current policy and monitoring the implementation of new policy. The second system utilizes a data warehouse to integrate individual level data and look back to older cases. Therefore, it is suitable for evaluating policy. Finally, the third system exploits time series data to forecast the capacity needed in the near future. This allows for planning new policy and monitoring its implementation. Based on our experience with developing and implementing such systems and their use in practice, we lay down a list of guidelines for developing management information systems in the public sector. These guidelines also address issues like data quality, misinterpretation, and privacy protection.
BOEKDEEL
On preserving privacy whilst integrating data in connected information systems.
ARTIKEL
This study explores how journalists in highspeed newsrooms gather information, how gathering activities are temporally structured and how reliability manifests itself in information-gathering activities.
ARTIKEL
Organizations and enterprises search for ways to exploit the vast amount of data that is produced by citizens, sensors, devices and administrative processes. Capitalizing on the produced data should be done responsibly by preventing, mitigating and managing undesired side effects such as violation of rules and regulations, human rights, ethical principles as well as privacy and security requirements. A key challenge in employing data, algorithms and data-driven systems is to adhere to the principle of fairness and justice. In this contribution we focus on the issue of algorithmic fairness, which itself can be framed as a sociotechnical system with interacting social and technical/formal subsystems. Information is a key construct of any sociotechnical system, where information creation and exchange can ease the opacity of interactions between the social and formal subsystems, and of interactions between the subsystems and the environment in which they operate. Based on literature, we categorize the types and flows of the information construct within the sociotechnical systems of algorithmic fairness in 7 categories. As such, the presented insights about the 7 categories of the information construct can form a common mental model whereby social and technical disciplines can inform each other systematically and align their views on algorithmic fairness.
CONFERENTIEBIJDRAGE
This paper essentially presents an exploration of the relationship between organizational culture and information systems management. Three contributions are offered namely the findings of a study of the organizational culture and information management competencies of five organizations in the Netherlands, with particular reference to the reliability of the measurements tool that was used, as well as an exploratory study of the relationship between organizational culture and the ability of an organization to manage its information systems. A brief review of the literature reveals that these two concepts in combination have been studied extensively, but that their conceptualization are somewhat fragmented in nature. In an effort to study the relationship using a more inclusive frame of reference the paper then presents a description of two models that were used the foundation for the design of a measurement tool to investigate the topic. The results provides a description of the general culture and information systems management abilities of the organizations and also suggest that the measurement tool is indeed reliable. Further analysis reveals that several variables from within each of the two main concepts, organizational culture and information systems management, are correlated.
CONFERENTIEBIJDRAGE
Currently, promising new tools are under development that will enable crime scene investigators to analyze fingerprints or DNA-traces at the crime scene. While these technologies could help to find a perpetrator early in the investigation, they may also strengthen confirmation bias when an incorrect scenario directs the investigation this early. In this study, 40 experienced Crime scene investigators (CSIs) investigated a mock crime scene to study the influence of rapid identification technologies on the investigation. This initial study shows that receiving identification information during the investigation results in more accurate scenarios. CSIs in general are not as much reconstructing the event that took place, but rather have a “who done it routine.” Their focus is on finding perpetrator traces with the risk of missing important information at the start of the investigation. Furthermore, identification information was mostly integrated in their final scenarios when the results of the analysis matched their expectations. CSIs have the tendency to look for confirmation, but the technology has no influence on this tendency. CSIs should be made aware of the risks of this strategy as important offender information could be missed or innocent people could be wrongfully accused.
ARTIKEL
Cyber-physical systems-of-systems (CPSoS) are networks that interconnect cyber-physical systems and people. Intercommunications and interaction between a wide range of separate and autonomous components make a cyber-physical system-of-systems a highly complex entity. This complex entity works based on self-organization that is made possible by the exchange and sharing of information among the separate components. Information produces a temporary form of entanglement between the separate components of the new entity. Entanglement enables the new entity to develop emergent properties that are responsible for the functioning of this new entity. New scientific knowledge is required to be able to analyze and design this entity.
ARTIKEL
