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3This paper describes some explorations on the concept of disassemblability as an important circularity indicator for products because of its severe impact on reuse value. Although usefulness of the concept for determining disassembly strategies and for improving circular product design clearly shows in earlier studies, the link with Industry 4.0 (I4.0)-related process innovation is still underexposed. For further technical development of the field of remanufacturing, research is needed on tools & training for operators, diagnostics, disassembly/repair instructions and forms of operator support. This includes the use of IoT and cobots in remanufacturing lines for automatic disassembly, sorting and recognition methods; providing guidance for operators and reduction of change-over times. A prototype for a disassembly work cell for a mobile phone has been developed together with researchers and students. This includes the removal of screws by means of a cobot using both vision & the available info in the product’s Bill-Of-Materials, the removal of covers, opening of snap fits and replacement of modules. This prototyping demonstrates that it is relatively easy to automate disassembly operations for an undamaged product, that has been designed with repairability in mind and for which product data and models are available. Process innovations like robotisation influence the disassemblability in a positive way, but current indicators like a Disassembly Index (DI) can’t reflect this properly. This study therefore concludes with suggestions for an evaluation of disassemblability by looking at the interaction between product, process and resources in a coherent way.
MULTIFILE
Reuse and remanufacturing of product parts and modules has shown to reduce costs, and also leads to substantial reductions in energy use and material losses during the whole product lifecycle. Furthermore it stimulates in its wake new business opportunities regionally. Together with small and medium sized enterprises (SME's) and engineering students we have developed an approach, which is called WARM, to help determine if and how the reuse and remanufacturing of parts, modules and products involved is a good strategy for a specific product and business. The WARM-approach has proved very useful in setting up a more sustainable and profitable business and at the same time forms a framework for education with great appeal for students.The approach covers most of the technical and business issues that have to be addressed when running an enterprise. Consequently for business engineering students the approach offers an opportunity to study all these aspects in practice and for existing enterprises. This paper clarifies the background and the principles and will explain the different steps of the approach. It also shows the way we are organizing the courses using the approach with the student. The first practical results are being evaluated (WARM is an acronym for Waste And Recovery Management)
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This chapter explains in brief what is needed to achieve more sustainable manufacturing processes. It develops both aspects of sustainable, economic, and technical feasibility with most focus on the latter. Remanufacturing processes are described together with relevant factors that enhance their effectivity and efficiency. An overview is given of what kind of shopfloor innovations are required in the near future and some suggestions on how digital and other Industry 4.0 technologies could help to move toward circular manufacturing.
MULTIFILE
Remanufacturing is a production practice that requires the work of producers, consumers, and the government. There are benefits associated with this production model, such as improving the environment, opportunities for cost savings, and others. However, it is essential to identify the factors that affect the possibility of acceptance of this production model. This research proposes a model based on different analysis methodologies and techniques of SEM (Structural Equations Modeling) and the method of PLS (Partial Least Squares). A total of 403 responses to the survey were collected from 1 November 2021 to 15 January 2022. For the data treatment, SPSS, Excel, and WarpPLS software were used to identify the variables, factors, and their direct and indirect effects among the latent variables, referring to a scheme focused on consumer perception based on the acquisition remanufactured products. This created model served as a reference to create and develop a design and repair strategy for White goods or similar products in handling, logistics, and repair. This design strategy was transformed into a business model based on a circular economy, particularly on a Product–Service System with social, economic, and environmental benefits for producers and consumers.
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An effective option for companies to implement circular economy concepts is reuse and remanufacturing. It concerns the (re)use of modules and parts of used and discarded equipment in ‘as new’ or ‘first class’ reused equipment. It is not just an effective way to reuse materials; it is also economically very sound. A method is developed, called WARM1, to assist a producer, in particular SME’s2 whether and how reuse might be a promising business opportunity. It covers the essential steps in the technical, organisational and market issues that have to be addressed. It is a tool to decide best options for making the production chain a closed loop on equipment and parts level. Crucial aspects are product design and redesign, assembling and disassembling, marketing and sales method, services and maintenance, reverse logistics and necessary actions regarding cleaning, inspection, repair, refurbishment and upgrading. The approach can be used for existing products with or without redesign and also for products which are still under development. It is phasewise to save unnecessary time and costs: first a quick-scan to determine a go or no-go, second the selection op best options, third a new ‘circular business model’ and set-up of cooperation with key partners for closing the loop. A fourth actually more parallel phase is improvement of the design and changes in operations to optimize the reuse process. In the course of the program observations are made on possible and profitable business models but also about the factors that hinder companies to introduce reuse on this level. The approach is being adapted to handle that. At the same time it offer insight in the practical aspects of stimulating and implementing circular economy approaches in companies in general.
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In het huidige geopolitieke tijdsgewricht moet Europa streven naar strategische autonomie, onder meer voor grondstoffen, en daarom inzetten op circulariteit. Het Lectorenplatform Sustainable Smart Industry wil daaraan bijdragen met onderzoek naar verduurzaming van de maakindustrie. Projecten gaan over gerelateerde thema’s zoals compliance voor duurzaamheid, toegang tot grondstoffen, personeelskrapte en remanufacturing. Sleuteltechnologieën die daarin een rol spelen, zijn digitale informatietechnologieën (AI, digital twinning, data-engineering, augmented reality), engineering en fabricagetechnologieën (robotica, digitale werkinstructies).
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Hergebruik en recycling is komt steeds meer in. Afgedankte apparatuur verdwijnt niet of nauwelijks meer op de afvalberg of in de verbrandingsoven. Toch is het laatste woord hier niet mee gezegd. Te vaak staat hergebruik nog synoniem voor alleen het recyclen van de metalen, plastic en glazen materialen als zodanig. Echt hergebruik van de afgedankte apparatuur en onderdelen kan een veel grotere winstpakker opleveren voor milieu en portemonnee. Het speelt ook goed in op de toenemende wet en regelgeving.
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This research focused on implement analysis to diagnose the viability to propose a design and repair strategy based on Product-Service System (PSS) and remanufacturing to preserve the value in white goods, more specifically laundry machines. The aim is to generate an alternative to the linear economy to redirect consumers to the circular economy, positively affecting the environment, the economy, and society, leading to responsible consumption. To achieve this, it is necessary to identify consumer behavior and the factors that intervene to buy remanufactured products. Also, find a timely methodology for the development of the PSS, analyze the ability to conserve added value, propose the strategy and verify its feasibility. The reach of this paper is establishing customer perception in the acceptance of remanufactured products in a circular economy model for white goods.
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In deze studie is onderzocht hoe kleine en middelgrote ondernemingen (MKB) in de hightech maakindustrie Digital Product Passports (DPP’s) kunnen toepassen om hun business te versterken met circulaire economie-praktijken.
Op basis van een literatuuronderzoek, interviews en workshops met zes Nederlandse MKB’s verkent dit onderzoek
• Hoe MKB’s de uitdagingen en kansen van DPP’s ervaren
• Hoe adoptie kan evolueren van naleving naar circulaire businessmodellen
• De rol van digitale technologieën.
Hoewel DPP's centraal staan in het actieplan voor de circulaire economie van de EU, blijven de praktische trajecten voor mkb's onduidelijk. Mkb's staan voor uitdagingen: onduidelijke regels, onzekerheid en gebrek aan instructies met betrekking tot de praktische vereisten belemmeren het maken van investeringen. Het aanpakken van deze uitdagingen is cruciaal om ervoor te zorgen dat mkb's worden betrokken bij de circulaire transitie.
Workshops lieten mkb’s zien hoe DPP’s kunnen worden ingezet om de operationele efficiëntie te vergroten en tegelijkertijd mogelijkheden voor circulaire innovatie te bieden. Eenvoudige technologieën zoals QR-codes en microsensoren bieden hierbij kansrijke oplossingen voor onder andere predictive maintenance, refurbishment, remanufacturing, modulaire upgrades en leasevormen.
De studie presenteert een roadmap voor technologie- en businessmodelinnovatie, waarmee de bedrijven op korte termijn stappen kunnen
zetten, óók wanneer de wettelijke kaders nog niet volledig ontwikkeld zijn.
Zo laat deze studie zien dat DPP’s niet alleen nuttig zijn voor compliance, maar juist kunnen worden ingezet als hulpmiddelen voor circulaire waardecreatie en competitief voordeel
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