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3Smart shipping is het vergaand geautomatiseerd varen op zee en binnenwateren en het accommoderen hiervan. De verwachting is dat smart shipping een bijdrage gaat leveren aan het concurrerend vermogen, de veiligheid en de duurzaamheid van de sector. Rijkswaterstaat wil laten onderzoeken wat deze ontwikkeling gaat betekenen voor het smart maken van de infrastructuur en scheepvaartverkeersmanagement.
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Securing information systems and assets within smart shipping environments is of utmost importance. In practice, however, securing smart shipping is a difficult and tedious task because smart shipping environments are highly dynamic, distributed, and loosely coupled, which cause having large threat/attack vectors without having all security measures under own control. The Zero Trust Security Model (ZTSM) has been suggested by security experts and many national cybersecurity centers as a promising approach for addressing the shortcomings of the traditional perimeter-based security architecture. However, a scalable ZTSM architecture which is applicable to large networks, like those of smart shipping, is missing. In this contribution we aim at investigating how the ZTSM can be made suitable for securing smart shipping. We study smart shipping security requirements and describe three off-the-shelf security services that can contribute to the realization of the ZTSM in such environments. Investigating these example security services inspired us to propose a ZTSM architecture for smart shipping environments, which relies on metadata exchange for trust establishment at various levels among federations of organizations, human or business controlled context and content transfer, and monitoring and controlling data and service usage. The proposed architecture can embody the ZTSM deployment within large networks of cooperating organizations (like those within smart environments). Although this architecture is proposed for and based on the security requirements of smart shipping, we conjecture that it can be applicable to other forms of smart environments as well.
DOCUMENT
Autonomous shipping is expected to be gradually adopted in the coming years. While many scientific studies in the field have focused on technological development, recent research has started to explore the effects of this innovation on the cargo transportation industry. This study investigates the economic dynamics that can drive logistics entrepreneurs to adopt teleoperated barges, a specific type of smart shipping. By conducting a case study of cargo transportation between two companies using roundtrips with trucks and barges, the study evaluates a modal shift to intermodal transport and looks into the conditions that are affected if barge teleoperation is implemented. A major conclusion of the study is that the transport distance, the equipment size, and the mix of captain-only tasks versus all the sets of crew tasks affect the expected economic gains that are obtained as a result of implementing smart shipping. In this case, a conventional modal shift to waterborne transport is already economically attractive. When opting to operate a smaller barge, teleoperation becomes preferable when a shore-control captain can only focus on exclusive sailing tasks and when more than one ship is monitored simultaneously.
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Autonomous shipping appears as a promising solution to reducing operational costs and improving logistics on inland waterways. The following research focuses on inland shipping in Zeeland, Netherlands to examine how autonomous shipping can impact logistics chains and be adopted by using inland shipping services in North Sea Port. The Dutch inland shipping industry is facing a sharp decline in skippers as it is no longer an attractive role therefore, an investigation is carried out using industry-wide literature to compare with data and contrast with stakeholders in the region to find what the main drivers of adoption are, which industries will be the most likely to adopt autonomous shipping technologies first and to which extent will the required skills be transferred to an onshore control center. The research is broken down into technical feasibility, economic benefit, and human participation finishing with recommendations and a proposed adoption model from a Zeeland perspective.
DOCUMENT
Ship-source greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could increase by up to 250% from 2012 levels by 2050 owing to increasing global freight volumes. Binding international legal agreements to regulate GHGs, however, are lacking as technical solutions remain expensive and crucial industrial support is absent. In 2003, IMO adopted Resolution A.963 (23) to regulate shipping CO2 emissions via technical, operational, and market-based routes. However, progress has been slow and uncertain; there is no concrete emission reduction target or definitive action plan. Yet, a full-fledged roadmap may not even emerge until 2023. In this policy analysis, we revisit the progress of technical, operational, and market-based routes and the associated controversies. We argue that 1) a performance-based index, though good-intentioned, has loopholes affecting meaningful CO2 emission reductions driven by technical advancements; 2) using slow steaming to cut energy consumption stands out among operational solutions thanks to its immediate and obvious results, but with the already slow speed in practice, this single source has limited emission reduction potential; 3) without a technology-savvy shipping industry, a market-based approach is essentially needed to address the environmental impact. To give shipping a 50:50 chance for contributing fairly and proportionately to keep global warming below 2°C, deep emission reductions should occur soon.
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Abstract
Historically, epidemics and plagues are repeatedly reported to have happened since the ancient civilizations (Egypt, Greece, Rome and imperial China). Most known examples of a devastating global pandemics in recent history are the ‘Black Death’ (14th century) and the global influenza (1918-1919), also known as ‘Spanish Flu’, that has killed nearly 50 million people in the world. Even though
pandemics may vary in their dimensions, length (short vs. long), scope (local/regional, national, global) and severity of effects (minimal effects or maximal effects), they all represent distinct exogenous and endogenous shocks that have far reaching effects on population, health, economy and other societal domains.
Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic has relentlessly spreaded around the world, leaving behind destructive marks on health, populations, economies and societies. The Covid-19 could spread quickly around the globe because of the current structure of the global economy, which is highly interconnected through sophisticated global transport networks. An important characteristic of a such
networked complex system is it vulnerability to unattended events of systemic risk such as the Covid-19 pandemic for example. These systemic risks cause substantial cascading effects, which lead to extreme outcomes that could permanently alter economic, environmental, and social systems.
In this article, we first, present, discuss and analyze the potential impacts of the Covid-19 on global economy, trade and supply chains, by focusing on Europe and/or the Netherlands. Second, we examine the effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the shipping industry and on the hub ports and the policy measures that have been applied by different countries around the world.
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The question of how to make a city or government better by exploiting information and communication infrastructures, referred to as smart city, entails an emerging field of research. Large quantities of data are generated from these infrastructures and infusing these data into the physical infrastructure of a city or government may lead to better services to citizens. Collecting and processing of such data, however, may result in privacy and security issues that should be faced appropriately to create a sustainable approach for smart cities and governments. In this chapter, we focus on data collection through crowdsourcing with smart devices and identify the corresponding security and privacy issues in the context of enabling smart cities and governments. We categorize these issues in four classes. For each class, we identify a number of threats as well as solution directions for these threats.
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Autonomous freight transport is becoming an increasingly relevant topic in transport and logistics. Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (or MASS) can sail to varying degrees of autonomy, making “smart” shipping possible and sailing with fewer or even full crew members. MASS is intended to enable shipping with lower costs, improved operational performance, greater safety and a smaller footprint. Previous research has mainly focused on technology development, ship design, operational aspects and cost-benefit analyzes of and for autonomous ships. However, the impact and benefits for shippers and other stakeholders in the transport chain – apart from the operator – are rarely elaborated. In this article, we examine MASS from a logistics chain perspective, taking stock of past and current research and projects and proposing an agenda to address key knowledge gaps regarding the impact of MASS on shippers and their supply chains. The benefits of MASS for operators have been well researched, but to what extent does the introduction of MASS lead to significant changes in the proposition of operators towards shippers in terms of freight rates, service offering (routes, lead times, frequency), reliability, and/or footprint? remains underexposed in research. Furthermore, MASS must be integrated into transport systems and logistics chains that must adapt to autonomous ships. The conditions under which these parties want to invest in this integration have not yet been investigated. The research agenda we propose focuses on the most relevant dimensions of this question regarding the conditions for success for MASS, and the subsequent implications for shippers' decision-making and supply chains.auton
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Speech by dr. Robert Baars at the official inauguration as Professor in Climate Smart Dairy Value Chains at Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, 24th September 2021, Dairy Campus, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
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This article will analyze how blockchain technology is applied tomanage and track cargo movement across the globe. First, thedistribution of goods, as well as the bill of lading and quality assurance,the shipping time with the lowest cost, is always a problem for logisticscompanies. The cost of securing goods during transit or long time tocomplete customs procedures also affects the delivery results. This studywill provide problems for the company as well as the impact of the useof blockchain technology developed by IMB in Maersk 's logisticsmanagement system. Thereby the management of goods as well asguarantee orders to win the trust of customers as well as bringenormous profits for themselves Maersk company and provide a newdirection for Indo-Trans Logistics, Vietnam.
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