Robots are increasingly used in a variety of work environments, but surprisingly little attention has been paid to how robots change work. In this comparative case study, we explore how robotization changed the work design of order pickers and order packers in eight logistic warehouses. We found that all warehouses robotized tasks based on technological functionality to increase efficiency, which sometimes created jobs consisting of ‘left-over tasks’. Only two warehouses used a bottom-up approach, where employees were involved in the implementation and quality of work was considered important. Although the other warehouses did not, sometimes their work design still benefitted from robotization. The positive effects we identified are reduced physical and cognitive demands and opportunities for upskilling. Warehouses that lack attention to the quality of work may risk ending up with the negative effects for employees, such as simplification and intensification of work, and reduced autonomy. We propose that understanding the consequences of robots on work design supports HR professionals to help managing this transition by both giving relevant input on a strategic level about the importance of work design and advocating for employees and their involvement.
Abstract: Technological innovation in the healthcare sector is increasing, but integration of information technology (IT) in the care process is difficult. Healthcare workers are important agents in this IT integration. The purpose of this study is to explore factors that feed motivation to use IT. Self-determination theory (SDT) is applied to study how motivational factors impact effective IT use among frontline caregivers in residential care settings. As the team is very important to these caregivers, the team is our unit of analysis. In an embedded single case study design, interviews were conducted with all nine members of a team effectively using IT. All three basic psychological needs from SDT - autonomy, competence and relatedness - were found to have impact on effective IT use, though autonomy was primarily experienced at team level. Conversely, the effective use of an IT collaboration tool influences relatedness.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational well-being among employees with chronic diseases, and the buffering effect of four job resources, possibly offering targets to enhance occupational well-being.Method: This cross-sectional study (N = 1951) was carried out among employees in educational and (semi-)governmental organizations in the Netherlands. The dimensions of the survey were chronic diseases (i.e., physical, mental, or both physical and mental), occupational well-being (i.e., work ability, burnout complaints, and work engagement), and job resources (i.e., autonomy, social support by colleagues, supportive leadership style, and open and communicative culture). First, it was analyzed if chronic diseases were associated with occupational well-being. Second, it was analyzed if each of the four job resources would predict better occupational well-being. Third, possible moderation effects between the chronic disease groups and each job resource on occupational well-being were examined. Regression analyses were used, controlling for age.Results: Each chronic disease group was associated with a lower work ability. However, higher burnout complaints and a lower work engagement were only predicted by the group with mental chronic diseases and by the group with both physical and mental chronic disease(s). Furthermore, all four job resources predicted lower burnout complaints and higher work engagement, while higher work ability was only predicted by autonomy and a supportive leadership style. Some moderation effects were observed. Autonomy buffered the negative relationship between the chronic disease groups with mental conditions (with or without physical conditions) and work ability, and the positive relationship between the group with both physical and mental chronic disease(s) and burnout complaints. Furthermore, a supportive leadership style is of less benefit for occupational well-being among the employees with mental chronic diseases (with or without physical chronic diseases) compared to the group employees without chronic diseases. No buffering was demonstrated for social support of colleagues and an open and communicative organizational culture.Conclusion: Autonomy offers opportunities to reinforce occupational well-being among employees with mental chronic diseases. A supportive leadership style needs more investigation to clarify why this job resource is less beneficial for employees with mental chronic diseases than for the employees without chronic diseases.
De Nederlandse agrosector heeft te maken met sterke schaalvergroting, klimaatverandering, achteruitgang van bouwland door bodemverdichting van zware machines, teruglopende beschikbaarheid van arbeid en een strengere milieuwetgeving. Oplossingen worden gezocht in het gebruik van kleine, autonome machines (agrobots) die specifieke taken van boeren kunnen overnemen. Nederlandse machinebouwers als Lely spelen hierop in met melk-, voer- en mestruimrobots. De agrarische sector wil steeds efficiënter werken, haar productiviteit verbeteren en vraagt zodoende voortdurend om slimmere applicaties. Een toekomstbeeld waarbij samenwerkende agrobots situaties kunnen beoordelen en gezamenlijk complexe taken kunnen uitvoeren wordt gezien als ‘The next step’ en onvermijdelijk, maar tevens als ingewikkeld, risicovol en voorlopig onrealiseerbaar. Machinebouwers hechten grote waarde aan betrouwbaarheid en missen de technologie om onderlinge coöperativiteit tussen machines met de nodige robuustheid te kunnen ontwikkelen en te integreren in hun product. De HAN heeft inmiddels veel ervaring opgebouwd op het gebied van programmeertools voor robotica en wil samen met kennisinstellingen als WUR, TUDelft en UT, machinebouwers als Lely en MultiToolTrac en eindgebruikers uit de agrarische sector, kennis en ervaring ontwikkelen op het gebied van het programmeren van robuuste, coöperatieve systemen. Het consortium wil dit doen met behulp van een modelgebaseerde workflow op basis van een integrale, open source toolchain waarin bestaande tools c.q. ecosystemen zijn geïntegreerd. Dit moet uiteindelijk resulteren in een praktijkdemonstratie – op de Floriade 2022 - van de technologie middels twee prototypes: mestrobots in de veehouderij en oogstafvoersystemen in de akkerbouw. Ten behoeve van een goede projectfocus beschouwt DurableCASE autonomie als reeds bestaand en voegt hier coöperativiteit aan toe. Concreet levert DurableCASE het volgende op: - gedemonstreerde en gepubliceerde, toepasbare kennis over robuuste coöperativiteit in agrobotica, gebaseerd op multi-agent technologie; - een open toolchain die efficiënte, modelgebaseerde ontwikkeling van robuuste coöperativiteit mogelijk maakt; - inzicht in de business case; - lesmateriaal op basis van bovengenoemde kennis en toolchain.
Sport injuries are a major reason for reduced participation and drop-out from sports and PE. Refraining from sport participation has negative bearing effects on mental and physical wellbeing, which tracks into adulthood. It is therefore important for youth to be facilitated into lifelong active participation in physical activity and sport, as the importance of physical activity for the health of youth is undisputed. Participation in physical education (PE) classes and membership of sports clubs and are essential for health enhancing physical activity. Despite the importance of sports injury prevention in youth, no broad scale approaches that work in real-life situations with significant positive effects exist. Main reasons for this are very poor uptake and maintenance of current sports injury prevention exercises. Sportscoaches and physical educators experience these exercises as not context specific, time consuming and not contributing to their training goals. Whereas youth perceives these exercises as not attractive, no fun and without any play or game component. These aspects cause lack of maintenance and thus no significant reduction of injuries. Recent scientific and practical insights promote more emphasis on motivation through autonomy and attractive exercise routines based on principles of motor learning which can be integrated in regular training sessions or physical education classes. Purpose: Therefore, the Move Healthy project develops ICT based support video material of routines for and with physical educators and sport coaches, which supports them to prevent sports injuries in youth. This material should be easy to integrate in regular training sessions or physical education classes.
Due to the exponential growth of ecommerce, the need for automated Inventory management is crucial to have, among others, up-to-date information. There have been recent developments in using drones equipped with RGB cameras for scanning and counting inventories in warehouse. Due to their unlimited reach, agility and speed, drones can speed up the inventory process and keep it actual. To benefit from this drone technology, warehouse owners and inventory service providers are actively exploring ways for maximizing the utilization of this technology through extending its capability in long-term autonomy, collaboration and operation in night and weekends. This feasibility study is aimed at investigating the possibility of developing a robust, reliable and resilient group of aerial robots with long-term autonomy as part of effectively automating warehouse inventory system to have competitive advantage in highly dynamic and competitive market. To that end, the main research question is, “Which technologies need to be further developed to enable collaborative drones with long-term autonomy to conduct warehouse inventory at night and in the weekends?” This research focusses on user requirement analysis, complete system architecting including functional decomposition, concept development, technology selection, proof-of-concept demonstrator development and compiling a follow-up projects.
