This study investigated the comparative impact of AR avatars versus 2D video avatars on secondary students' engagement, learning motivation, and subject interest in history education. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with German secondary students aged 11-14 across three conditions: control group (no intervention), 2D avatar learning experience, and AR avatar learning experience.
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Communication between healthcare professionals and deaf patients has been particularly challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have explored the possibility to automatically translate phrases that are frequently used in the diagnosis and treatment of hospital patients, in particular phrases related to COVID-19, from Dutch or English to Dutch Sign Language (NGT). The prototype system we developed displays translations either by means of pre-recorded videos featuring a deaf human signer (for a limited number of sentences) or by means of animations featuring a computer-generated signing avatar (for a larger, though still restricted number of sentences). We evaluated the comprehensibility of the signing avatar, as compared to the human signer. We found that, while individual signs are recognized correctly when signed by the avatar almost as frequently as when signed by a human, sentence comprehension rates and clarity scores for the avatar are substantially lower than for the human signer. We identify a number of concrete limitations of the JASigning avatar engine that underlies our system. Namely, the engine currently does not offer sufficient control over mouth shapes, the relative speed and intensity of signs in a sentence (prosody), and transitions between signs. These limitations need to be overcome in future work for the engine to become usable in practice.
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In de afgelopen jaren hebben technologische ontwikkelingen de aard van dienstverlening ingrijpend veranderd (Huang & Rust, 2018). Technologie wordt steeds vaker ingezet om menselijke servicemedewerkers te vervangen of te ondersteunen (Larivière et al., 2017; Wirtz et al., 2018). Dit stelt dienstverleners in staat om meer klanten te bedienen met minder werknemers, waardoor de operationele efficiëntie toeneemt (Beatson et al., 2007). Deze operationele efficiëntie leidt weer tot lagere kosten en een groter concurrentievermogen. Ook voor klanten kan de inzet van technologie voordelen hebben, zoals betere toegankelijkheid en consistentie, tijd- en kostenbesparing en (de perceptie van) meer controle over het serviceproces (Curran & Meuter, 2005). Mede vanwege deze beoogde voordelen is de inzet van technologie in service-interacties de afgelopen twee decennia exponentieel gegroeid. De inzet van zogenaamde conversational agents is een van de belangrijkste manieren waarop dienstverleners technologie kunnen inzetten om menselijke servicemedewerkers te ondersteunen of vervangen (Gartner, 2021). Conversational agents zijn geautomatiseerde gesprekspartners die menselijk communicatief gedrag nabootsen (Laranjo et al., 2018; Schuetzler et al., 2018). Er bestaan grofweg drie soorten conversational agents: chatbots, avatars, en robots. Chatbots zijn applicaties die geen virtuele of fysieke belichaming hebben en voornamelijk communiceren via gesproken of geschreven verbale communicatie (Araujo, 2018;Dale, 2016). Avatars hebben een virtuele belichaming, waardoor ze ook non-verbale signalen kunnen gebruiken om te communiceren, zoals glimlachen en knikken (Cassell, 2000). Robots, ten slotte, hebben een fysieke belichaming, waardoor ze ook fysiek contact kunnen hebben met gebruikers (Fink, 2012). Conversational agents onderscheiden zich door hun vermogen om menselijk gedrag te vertonen in service-interacties, maar op de vraag ‘hoe menselijk is wenselijk?’ bestaat nog geen eenduidig antwoord. Conversational agents als sociale actoren Om succesvol te zijn als dienstverlener, is kwalitatief hoogwaardige interactie tussen servicemedewerkers en klanten van cruciaal belang (Palmatier et al., 2006). Dit komt omdat klanten hun percepties van een servicemedewerker (bijv. vriendelijkheid, bekwaamheid) ontlenen aan diens uiterlijk en verbale en non verbale gedrag (Nickson et al., 2005; Specht et al., 2007; Sundaram & Webster, 2000). Deze klantpercepties beïnvloeden belangrijke aspecten van de relatie tussen klanten en dienstverleners, zoals vertrouwen en betrokkenheid, die op hun beurt intentie tot gebruik, mond-tot-mondreclame, loyaliteit en samenwerking beïnvloeden (Hennig-Thurau, 2004; Palmatier et al., 2006).Er is groeiend bewijs dat de uiterlijke kenmerken en communicatieve gedragingen (hierna: menselijke communicatieve gedragingen) die percepties van klanten positief beïnvloeden, ook effectief zijn wanneer ze worden toegepast door conversational agents (B.R. Duffy, 2003; Holtgraves et al., 2007). Het zogenaamde ‘Computers Als Sociale Actoren’ (CASA paradigma vertrekt vanuit de aanname dat mensen de neiging hebben om onbewust sociale regels en gedragingen toe te passen in interacties met computers, ondanks het feit dat ze weten dat deze computers levenloos zijn (Nass et al., 1994). Dit kan verder worden verklaard door het fenomeen antropomorfisme (Epley et al., 2007; Novak & Hoffman, 2019). Antropomorfisme houdt in dat de aanwezigheid van mensachtige kenmerken of gedragingen in niet-menselijke agenten, onbewust cognitieve schema's voor menselijke interactie activeert (Aggarwal & McGill, 2007; M.K. Lee et al., 2010). Door computers te antropomorfiseren komen mensen tegemoet aan hun eigen behoefte aan sociale verbinding en begrip van de sociale omgeving (Epley et al., 2007; Waytz et al., 2010). Dit heeft echter ook tot gevolg dat mensen cognitieve schema’s voor sociale perceptie toepassen op conversational agents.
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Op 16 maart sloten alle opleiding in het Hoger Onderwijs hun deuren in verband met de maatregelen als gevolg van de COVID-19 pandemie. Dit was ook het geval voor de opleiding Medische Beeldvormende en Radiotherapeutische Technieken (MBRT) van de Hogeschool Inholland in Haarlem. Deze vier jarige hbo-opleiding leidt studenten op voor het werk als Medisch Beeldvormings- en Bestralingsdeskundigen (MBB-er) in de Medische Beeldvormende vakgebieden en in de Radiotherapie. Voor dit onderwijs heeft de opleiding een skills lab met daarin diverse beeldvormende apparatuur en een virtuele versneller. Deze virtuele versneller is ontwikkeld door het Britse bedrijf Vertual en wordt naast de MBRT-opleiding van Hogeschool Inholland ook door vergelijkbare opleidingen gebruikt.
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This deaf-led work critically explores Deaf Tech, challenging conventional understandings of technologies ‘for’ deaf people as merely assistive and accessible, since these understandings are predominantly embedded in medical and audist ideologies. By employing participatory speculative workshops, deaf participants from different European countries envisioned technologies on Eyeth - a mythical planet inhabited by deaf people - centered on their perspectives and curiosities. The results present a series of alternative socio-technical narratives that illustrate qualitative aspects of technologies desired by deaf people. This study advocates for expanding the scope of deaf technological landscapes, emphasizing the needs of establishing deaf-centered HCI, including the development of methods and concepts that truly prioritize deaf experiences in the design of technologies intended for their use.
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In recent years video game consoles, such as the Nintendo Wii™ and the Microsoft Kinect™, have been introduced into residential facilities. This paper presents a review of current studies documenting the benefits and detriments the Wii could have on adults aged 60 years and over in residential facilities, concentrating on the common uses of the Wii in care facilities: maintaining physical fitness, promoting mental well-being, encouraging social interaction and both physical and mental rehabilitation. Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential use of the Microsoft Kinect in care for older persons. The Wii can have a positive impact on the physical and mental health of older adults living in care facilities, but additional work should still be conducted, including assessing the use of games outside of Wii Sports and Wii Fit and possible non-gaming application of the Wii in care for older adults. Results for the Wii display potential for use of the Kinect in care facilities but further exploration is required to assess the potential physical impact and interaction viability.
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More people voted in 2024 than any other year in human history, while often relying on the internet for political information. This combination resulted in critical challenges for democracy. To address these concerns, we designed an exhibition that applied interactive experiences to help visitors understand the impact of digitization on democracy. This late-breaking work addresses the research questions: 1) What do participants, exposed to playful interventions, think about these topics? and 2) How do people estimate their skills and knowledge about countering misinformation? We collected data in 5 countries through showcases held within weeks of relevant 2024 elections. During visits, participants completed a survey detailing their experiences and emotional responses. Participants expressed high levels of self-confidence regarding the detection of misinformation and spotting AI-generated content. This paper contributes to addressing digital literacy needs by fostering engaging interactions with AI and politically relevant issues surrounding campaigning and misinformation.
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Background: Adequate self-management skills are of great importance for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to reduce the impact of COPD exacerbations. Using mobile health (mHealth) to support exacerbation-related self-management could be promising in engaging patients in their own health and changing health behaviors. However, there is limited knowledge on how to design mHealth interventions that are effective, meet the needs of end users, and are perceived as useful. By following an iterative user-centered design (UCD) process, an evidence-driven and usable mHealth intervention was developed to enhance exacerbation-related self-management in patients with COPD. Objective: This study aimed to describe in detail the full UCD and development process of an evidence-driven and usable mHealth intervention to enhance exacerbation-related self-management in patients with COPD. Methods: The UCD process consisted of four iterative phases: (1) background analysis and design conceptualization, (2) alpha usability testing, (3) iterative software development, and (4) field usability testing. Patients with COPD, health care providers, COPD experts, designers, software developers, and a behavioral scientist were involved throughout the design and development process. The intervention was developed using the behavior change wheel (BCW), a theoretically based approach for designing behavior change interventions, and logic modeling was used to map out the potential working mechanism of the intervention. Furthermore, the principles of design thinking were used for the creative design of the intervention. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used throughout the design and development process. Results: The background analysis and design conceptualization phase resulted in final guiding principles for the intervention, a logic model to underpin the working mechanism of the intervention, and design requirements. Usability requirements were obtained from the usability testing phases. The iterative software development resulted in an evidence-driven and usable mHealth intervention—Copilot, a mobile app consisting of a symptom-monitoring module, and a personalized COPD action plan. Conclusions: By following a UCD process, an mHealth intervention was developed that meets the needs and preferences of patients with COPD, is likely to be used by patients with COPD, and has a high potential to be effective in reducing exacerbation impact. This extensive report of the intervention development process contributes to more transparency in the development of complex interventions in health care and can be used by researchers and designers as guidance for the development of future mHealth interventions.
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Abstract. Background: Physical exercise benefits functioning, health, and well-being. However, people living with dementia in particular hardly engage in exercise. Exergaming (exercise and gaming) is an innovative, fun, and relatively safe way of exercising in a virtual reality or gaming environment. It may help people living with dementia overcome barriers they can experience regarding regular exercise activities. Objective: This systematic literature review aims to provide an overview of the cost-effectiveness of exergaming and its effects on physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning, as well as the quality of life in people living with dementia. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science Core Collection were searched. Selection of studies was carried out by at least two independent researchers. Results: Three studies were found to be eligible and were included in this review. Two of these showed some statistically significant effects of exergaming on physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning in people living with dementia, although based on a very small sample. No articles were found about the cost-effectiveness of exergaming. Conclusion: Only a few controlled studies have been conducted into the effectiveness of exergaming, and these show very little significant benefits. More well-designed studies are necessary to examine the effects of exergaming
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In urban planning, 3D modeling and virtual reality (VR) provide new means for involving citizens in the planning process. For municipal government, it is essential to know how effective these means are, to justify investments. In this study, we present a case of using VR in a municipal process of civic participation concerning the redesign of a public park. The process included codesign activities and involved citizens in decision-making through a ballot, using 3D-rendered versions of competing designs. In codesign, 3D-modeling tools were instrumental in empowering citizens to negotiate design decisions, to discuss the quality of designs with experts, and to collectively take decisions. This paper demonstrates that, in a ballot on competing designs with 1302 citizens, VR headsets proved to be equally effective compared to other display technologies in informing citizens during decision making. The results of an additional, controlled experiment indicate that VR headsets provide higher engagement and more vivid memories than viewing the designs on non-immersive displays. By integrating research into a municipal process, we contribute evidence of cognitive and engagement effects of using 3D modeling and immersive VR technologies to empower citizens in participatory urban planning. The case described in the paper concerns a public park; a similar approach could be applied to the design of public installations including media architecture.
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