Het evenement From Cash to Code op 6 december 2024 verkende de impact van cryptoactiva en digitaal centrale bankgeld op de toekomst van het financiële systeem. De tweede sessie stond in het teken van de regulering van cryptoactiva binnen de EU. Aleksandra Asscheman, onderzoeker van het lectoraat New Finance, legde uit hoe de nieuwe Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA)-regelgeving moet bijdragen aan het vergroten van vertrouwen in de cryptomarkt en deze eerlijker moet maken. Ze besprak hoe MiCA risico’s zoals consumentenschade en financiële instabiliteit probeert te beperken, maar ook de uitdagingen, zoals de hoge nalevingskosten voor marktdeelnemers.
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In dit artikel worden de mogelijke gevolgen belicht van de introductie van nieuwe en bestaande toepassingen van Bitcoin-technologie. De transnationale, decentrale en gedistribueerde peer-to-peer-structuur van de Bitcoin-technologie en van nieuwe toepassingen hiervan, hebben de potentie om bestaande sociale relaties en instituties te ontregelen. Het krachtenveld waarin maatschappelijke actoren staan kan hierdoor uit balans worden gebracht. De meest radicale van deze nieuwe technologieën is Ethereum. Met name het concept van de Digital Autonomous Organisation (DOA) heeft mogelijkerwijs verregaande consequenties. Ethereum is een ‘contract validating and enforcing system’, een gedistribueerd systeem dat een platform biedt voor autonome computerprogramma’s die in staat zijn om zelfstandig overeenkomsten met rechtspersonen en andere DOA’s aan te gaan en te ontbinden. Ik richt mij op de mogelijkheden van deze toepassingen als nieuwe platformen voor International Financial (Cyber) Crime.
DOCUMENT
In recent years, the debate about the design of the monetary system has become increasingly prevalent. A major topic within this debate is central bank digital currency or CBDC for short. A survey by the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) shows that in 2022, nine in ten central banks (CB) explored a digital variant of their own currency (Kosse & Mattei, 2022). In the euro area, the European Central Bank (ECB) is conducting a wide-range study of the pros and cons of a CBDC, in the form of a digital euro. Other CBs are at different stages of the research cycle. The Chinese central bank is experimenting extensively with its e-CNY and has been conducting research since 2014 (Luo, 2022; Prasad, 2021). The Swedish Riksbank published its first report on the possible designs and effects of the e-krona in September 2017 (Sveriges Riksbank, 2017). Against all these various studies and experiments is the Bahamian Sand dollar, the world's first, by 2020, fully implemented CBDC. The Bahamas is not the only country; in 2022, Jamaica fully introduced the JAM-DEX (CBDC Tracker, 2023). Since CBDCs are a relatively new phenomenon, there is logically little empirical data to support the potential advantages and disadvantages. The fully implemented Sand dollar can confirm or refute some of the claimed theoretical advantages and disadvantages, and lessons can be distilled from this case for the introduction of other CBDCs. This paper first discusses the (theoretical) motivations for implementing the Sand dollar, then discusses its operation and current low adaptation rates. Finally, it derives lessons that can be used in other CBDC cases.
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CRYPTOPOLIS is a project supported by EU which focuses on the financial management knowledge of teachers and the emerging field of risk management and risk analysis of cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency has shown to be a vital and rapidly growing component in today’s digital economy therefore there is a need to include not just financial but also crypto literacy into the schools. Beside multiple investors and traders the market is attracting an increasing number of young individuals, viewing it as an easy way to make money. A large pool of teenagers and young adults want to hop on this train, but a lack of cryptocurrency literacy, as well as financial literacy in general amongst youth, together with their inexperience with investing makes them even more vulnerable to an already high-risk investment.Therefore, we aim to increase the capacity and readiness of secondary schools and higher educational institutions to manage an effective shift towards digital education in the field of crypto and financial literacy. The project will develop the purposeful use of digital technologies in financial and crypto education for teaching, learning, assessment and engagement.
