Formative assessment (FA) is an effective educational approach for optimising student learning and is considered as a promising avenue for assessment within physical education (PE). Nevertheless, implementing FA is a complex and demanding task for in-service PE teachers who often lack formal training on this topic. To better support PE teachers in implementing FA into their practice, we need better insight into teachers’ experiences while designing and implementing formative strategies. However, knowledge on this topic is limited, especially within PE. Therefore, this study examined the experiences of 15 PE teachers who participated in an 18-month professional development programme. Teachers designed and implemented various formative activities within their PE lessons, while experiences were investigated through logbook entries and focus groups. Findings indicated various positive experiences, such as increased transparency in learning outcomes and success criteria for students as well as increased student involvement, but also revealed complexities, such as shifting teacher roles and insufficient feedback literacy among students. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the importance of a sustained, collaborative, and supported approach to implementing FA.
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The advantages and drawbacks of components of flexible assessment have been studied mostly from the standpoint of students and, to a lesser extent, teachers. A gap persists in understanding the collective perspectives of teachers and students concerning flexible assessment. This study aimed to explore experiences and perspectives of students and teachers regarding flexible assessment within the specific context of nursing education. Seven focus groups comprised four sessions with teachers and three with students, each involving 5-8 participants. Results showed that students and teachers have a predominantly positive perspective towards flexible assessment. They acknowledge the opportunities that flexible assessment provides for diverse forms to present evidence. However, concerns were raised regarding the design of flexible assessments, issues of fairness in rating evidence, and the understanding among teachers and students regarding the assessment processes. Additionally, discussions focused on the perceived benefit of flexible assessments, particularly concerning the time investment required for their implementation and evaluation. In conclusion, the success of flexible assessments is contingent on the careful consideration of its design, ensuring equitable evaluation of evidence, and fostering comprehensive understanding among both teachers and students. Recognizing potential disparities in views of students and teachers offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of flexible assessment. Achieving a balance between the flexibility of assessment formats, aligned forms of evidence, and an appropriate rating methodology is crucial for effective implementation.
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Sinds geruime tijd is er een ontwikkeling zichtbaar waarbij toetsen en assessment beleidsmatiger en professioneler aangepakt wordt. Deels vanwege het intern belang in het kader van competentiegericht onderwijs, maar natuurlijk ook als gevolg van strenger wordende eisen van de overheid in de vorm van eerst visitaties en later accreditatie van opleidingen. Het ontwikkelen van hoogwaardige toetsen en toetsmaterialen kost veel tijd en geld. Hergebruik en gezamenlijke ontwikkeling van toetsmaterialen leidt tot betere toetsen en een efficikntere besteding van schaarse capaciteit. De mogelijkheden tot gezamenlijk gebruik beperken zich echter niet alleen tot de toetsmaterialen. Ook op het gebied van de gebruikte criteria en modellen en de ondersteunende organisatie is in gezamenlijkheid winst te behalen.
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Assessment beschrijft kritische succesfactoren ten behoeve van ideale duurzame bedrijventerreinen en het belang van duurzaambouwen voor starters door middel van collectief particulier opdrachtgeverschap.
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Students’ knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test is a crucial component of assessment quality. Grounded in self-determination theory, we investigated whether knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test related to students’ situational motivation and experienced anxiety during physical education (PE). We also examined whether these relations were: (a) mediated by need-based experiences; and (b) moderated by teachers’ motivating style. Participants were 659 students (55.54% boys, 44.46% girls, mean age 14.72 years, standard deviation = 0.94) out of 40 classes from 32 schools taught by 39 different PE teachers. Analyses through multilevel structural equation modeling showed that students with more knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test valued and enjoyed the lesson more (i.e. autonomous motivation), and felt less aloof (i.e. amotivation). Relations between knowledge about the criteria and students’ situational motivation were mediated by experienced need satisfaction. Specifically, students who had more knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test felt more in charge of their learning process (i.e. autonomy satisfaction), felt more effective in reaching their goals (i.e. competence satisfaction) and felt more connected to the teacher (i.e. relatedness satisfaction). Although relations between knowledge about the criteria and students’ motivation were not moderated by teachers’ motivating style, teachers’ motivating style displayed independent relations with students’ motivation. Implications for assessment quality and students’ motivation in PE are discussed.
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Videogames have become educational, communicative and social tools among the young, favouring the acquisition of skills, abilities and values, encompassing an endless number of themes, and helping them to experience and to face, in the first person, a great diversity of environmental situations and ecology problems. Thus, the present article aims: (a) to evaluate a sample of 20 educational videogames about water, making use of some empirical criteria of quality; and (b) to design, validate and apply an integrated quality indicator of educational videogames on water, based on the aspects of narrative, gameplay and education, which allows us to obtain a ranking. The findings reflect a ranking of games allowing us to suggest that the nature of the game (simulation, adventures, platforms or questions) does not determine the quality of the game, although generally simulations and adventure games are placed in a range of medium- or high-quality, as well as those games that pursue objectives related to the design and management of a territory in a sustainable way. The paper provides teachers with quality criteria based on narrative and gameplay that complement and enrich the pedagogical dimension.
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Background: Assessment can have various functions, and is an important impetus for student learning. For assessment to be effective, it should be aligned with curriculum goals and of sufficient quality. Although it has been suggested that assessment quality in physical education (PE) is suboptimal, research into actual assessment practices has been relatively scarce. Purpose: The goals of the present study were to determine the quality of assessment, teachers’ views on the functions of assessment, the alignment of assessment with learning goals, and the actual assessment practices in secondary PE in the Netherlands. Participants and setting: A total of 260 PE teachers from different schools in the Netherlands filled out an online Physical Education Assessment Questionnaire (PEAQ) on behalf of their school. Data collection: The online questionnaire (PEAQ) contained the following sections: quality of assessment, intended functions of assessment, assessment practices, and intended goals of PE. Data analysis: Percentages of agreement were calculated for all items. In addition, assessment quality items were recoded into a numerical value between 1 and 5 (mean ± SD). Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for each predefined quality aspect of the PEAQ, and for assessment quality as a whole. Findings: Mean assessment quality (±SD) was 3.6 ± 0.6. With regard to the function of assessment, most PE teachers indicated that they intended using assessment as a means of supporting the students’ learning process (formative function). At the same time, the majority of schools take PE grades into account for determining whether a student may enter the next year (summative function). With regard to assessment practices, a large variety of factors are included when grading, and observation is by far the assessment technique most widely applied. A minority of PE teachers grade students without predetermined assessment criteria, and usually criteria are identical for all students. There is an apparent discrepancy between reported PE goals and assessment practices; although increasing students’ fitness levels is the least important goal of PE lessons according to the PE teachers, 81% reports that fitness is one of the factors being judged. Conversely, while 94% considers gaining knowledge about physical activity and sports as one of the goals of PE, only 34% actually assesses knowledge. Conclusions: Assessment in Dutch PE is of moderate quality. The findings further suggest that PE teachers consider assessment for learning important but that their assessment practices are not generally in line with this view. Furthermore, there seems to be a lack of alignment between intended learning outcomes and what is actually being valued and assessed. We believe that these results call for a concerted effort from PE departments, school boards, and the education inspectorate to scrutinise existing assessment practices, and work together to optimise PE assessment.
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Fontys, met name de lerarenopleidingen in Tilburg en Eindhoven, voert sinds 1999 een duale opleiding uit ten behoeve van onderwijspersoneel voor het Bve. Bij de ontwikkeling van deze opleiding zijn tien Regionale Opleidingscentra (ROC s) betrokken uit Brabant en Limburg. Studenten beginnen doorgaans niet blanco aan de duale trajecten. Als ze op wat oudere leeftijd instromen, hebben ze vaak al een diversiteit aan scholing en werkervaring achter de rug. Dat verhoogt de noodzaak om vooraf via een intake assessment te onderzoeken over welke relevante eerder verworven competenties de betrokkenen beschikken. Goede intake-assessments leiden uiteindelijk tot flexibilisering in de uitvoering. Bij de invulling van de opleiding wordt met de resultaten rekening gehouden. Diverse medewerkers van Fontys hebben zich met de constructie van een betrouwbaar en valide instrumentarium voor intake-assessment in de duale opleiding beziggehouden. In dit rapport zijn de ervaringen gebundeld en in een breder kader geplaatst.
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In september 2001 is het rapport Toetskader en prototypen gemeenschappelijke toetsvormen: performance assessments, portfolio en itembank uitgebracht door de ontwikkelgroep Assessment Pabo s. In het project Performance Assessment P-fase en K-fase Fontys-pabo s zijn pilots uitgevoerd. Verder is een prototype ontwikkeld voor informatie en communicatie rond de assessments in de elektronische leeromgeving. In het rapport staat hoe de pilots bij de verschillende pabo s zijn uitgevoerd. Vervolgens wordt ingegaan op de resultaten van de uitgevoerde onderzoeken. Aan het einde van elke paragraaf worden conclusies geformuleerd. Tot slot worden adviezen voor het vervolg gegeven.
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Seismic risk assessment of two real RC multi-story buildings, located on similar soil profile in Kocaeli, is conducted in respect to code-based linear and nonlinear approaches, as well as to P25-v2 Method, a recently suggested method for risk evaluation and preliminary assessment of existing buildings against life-loss. Twenty-five different parameters and seven different collapse criteria are taken into consideration in the suggested P25-v2 Method, including soil and topographic conditions, earthquake demand, various structural irregularities, material and geometrical properties, and location of the buildings. After summarizing the different methodologies and describing the case study buildings, 3D linear-elastic and static nonlinear analyses are performed in parallel to the application of the P25 Method-v2. One of the two case study buildings totally collapsed during 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake, while the other survived with negligible damage, noting that both had legal construction and occupation permissions. SAP2000 and SeismoStruct software packages have been utilised for the analysis procedure to find out the damage states of the structural members at critical stories and to determine the performance levels of the case study buildings. The code-based performance levels and the final performance scores obtained by the preliminary assessment technique are compared in order to underline the existence of the correlation between the detailed procedure and the suggested preliminary assessment technique with the real damage state. Consequently, structural inadequacies, weak points of the buildings and failure reasons are also discussed in this paper.
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