Purpose In postgraduate medical education, guided group reflection is often applied to support professional identity formation. However, little is known about how guided group reflection is shaped and how it works. Our scoping review synthesizes existing evidence about various approaches for guided group reflection, their aims, components and potential working mechanisms. Methods We conducted a scoping review using JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) guidelines for conducting scoping reviews. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE and ERIC databases for all research articles published in English or Dutch in an iterative team approach. The articles were extracted and summarized quantitatively and qualitatively. Results We included 71 papers (45 primary research papers and 26 non-empirical papers including program descriptions, theoretical concepts and personal experiences). We identified a diversity of approaches for guided group reflection (e.g. Balint groups, supervised collaborative reflection and exchange of experiences), applied in a variety of didactic formats and aims. We distilled potential working mechanisms relating to engagement in reflection, group learning and the supervisor’s role. Conclusions There are significant knowledge gaps about the aims and underlying mechanisms of guided group reflection. Future systematic research on these topics is needed to understand the effectiveness of educational methods, that can help facilitate learning conditions to best shape professional identity formation (PIF) in educational curricula.
LINK
Although empathy is an essential aspect of co-design, the design community lacks a systematic overview of the key dimensions and elements that foster empathy in design. This paper introduces an empathic formation compass, based on a comparison of existing relevant frameworks. Empathic formation is defined here as the formative process of becoming an empathic design professional who knows which attitude, skills and knowledge are applicable in a co-design process. The empathic formation compass provides designers with a vocabulary that helps them understand what kind of key dimensions and elements influence empathic formation in co-design and how that informs designers’ role and design decisions. In addition, the empathic formation compass aims to support reflection and to evaluate co-design projects beyond the mere reliance on methods. In this way, empathic design can be made into a conscious activity in which designers regulate and include their own feelings and experiences (first-person perspective), and decrease empathic bias. We identify four important intersecting dimensions that empathy is comprised of in design and describe their dynamic relations. The first two opposing dimensions are denoted by empathy and differentiate between cognitive design processes and affective design experiences, and between self-and other orientation. The other two dimensions are defined by design research and differentiate between an expert and a participatory mindset, and research-and design-led techniques. The empathic formation compass strengthens and enriches our earlier work on mixed perspectives with these specific dimensions and describes the factors that foster empathy in design from a more contextual position. We expect the empathic formation compass—combined with the mixed perspectives framework—to enhance future research by bringing about a deeper understanding of designers’ empathic and collaborative design practice.
DOCUMENT
To understand under what conditions intercultural group work (IGW) leads to more intercultural interactions, a survey was conducted among local students (n = 80) and international students (n = 153) in Dutch universities. In this study, students were more inclined to engage in intercultural interactions when they perceived that working with culturally diverse others prepared them to work and live in a diverse setting. The positive association was strengthened when students perceived that diversity, in terms of nationality within their work group, was also beneficial for accomplishing their group task. The findings demonstrate the significance of students’ perceptions of IGW, including the perceived general value for personal development and intellectual benefits related to specific tasks. This implies that institutions and teachers could be made responsible for engaging with innovative educational methods to address and incorporate student diversity into curriculum.
MULTIFILE
De gemeente Utrecht is sinds de invoering van de Jeugdwet in 2015 verantwoordelijk voor alle hulp en ondersteuning aan de Utrechtse jeugd. Met de daarmee samenhangende transformatie is een inhoudelijke vernieuwing van de jeugdhulp beoogd. Eén van de leidende principes voor de gemeente Utrecht is daarbij ‘normaliseren en uitgaan van de mogelijkheden’. Bij de toepassing van deze leidende principes bleek het begrip normaliseren complex en niet iedereen had eenzelfde beeld. Daarnaast is het woord soms beladen, wanneer het wordt geassocieerd met problemen niet serieus nemen. Dit bemoeilijkte het gesprek over normaliseren en wat daarvoor nodig en gewenst is. In de Kenniswerkplaats Jeugd Utrecht Stad (KJUS) werken partners vanuit verschillende perspectieven, zoals jongeren, ouders, praktijk, beleid, onderwijs, onderzoek en opleidingen, samen om zorg en ondersteuning voor jongeren en gezinnen in de stad Utrecht te innoveren en te verbeteren. De kern hierbij is dat gebruik wordt gemaakt van verschillende kennisbronnen: kennis vanuit onderzoek, professionele kennis en ervaringskennis. De gemeente Utrecht heeft daarom de KJUS gevraagd de belangrijkste aspecten van normaliseren in kaart te brengen met input vanuit de verschillende perspectieven. Vanuit de KJUS voerden het Trimbos-instituut en het Lectoraat Jeugd van de Hogeschool Utrecht een group concept mapping procedure uit. Dit is een participatieve mixed-method procedure voor het in kaart brengen van een complex en diffuus onderwerp als basis voor planning en evaluatie. Een groep van 27 deelnemers nam deel aan de brainstormfase. De groep bestond uit jongeren, ouders, beleidsmedewerkers en professionals die met jongeren werken in de stad Utrecht, zoals jongerenwerkers, sociaal makelaars, en professionals uit onderwijs, jeugdgezondheidszorg en jeugdhulp. In totaal formuleerden zij in deze fase 205 opvattingen over wat normaliseren voor hen betekent: 173 opvattingen in een live sessie en 32 opvattingen per e-mail. Na het verwijderen van dubbele opvattingen en het splitsen van samengestelde opvattingen werden de opvattingen naar elke deelnemer gestuurd voor waardering en sortering. Dit gebeurde individueel en online. De resultaten zijn statistisch verwerkt en grafisch weergegeven. De output is besproken en geïnterpreteerd, wat leidde tot de uiteindelijke concept map. Deze concept map bestaat uit 99 opvattingen over de betekenis van normaliseren, gegroepeerd in 19 thema’s (clusters), en weergegeven in een assenstelsel van twee dimensies: een dimensie ‘denken en doen’, variërend van ‘collectief’ tot ‘individueel’, en een dimensie ‘waarde’, variërend van ‘persoonlijk’ tot ‘professioneel’. De drie thema’s met de hoogste gemiddelde waardering waren: 'Variatie accepteren', 'Zonder oordeel luisteren en kijken naar een (hulp)vraag', en 'Mogen zijn zoals je bent'. De waardering van de thema’s voor het concreet omschrijven van normaliseren verschilde tussen de vier groepen deelnemers (jongeren, ouders, beleid en praktijk). Aangezien relatief weinig jongeren deelnamen aan de group concept mapping procedure, is een extra bijeenkomst georganiseerd voor jongeren. Hierbij is de concept map aan hen voorgelegd, zijn aangepaste beschrijvingen van de thema’s (clusters) geformuleerd en is voor de thema’s die zij het belangrijkst vonden besproken wat er volgens hen nodig is. Dit onderzoek heeft een concept map opgeleverd waarin de gedachten en ideeën van deelnemers uit de verschillende perspectieven letterlijk en figuurlijk een plek hebben gekregen om te komen tot een gemeenschappelijke visie op normaliseren in de stad Utrecht. De verwachting is dat de concept map zal bijdragen aan betere gesprekken over normaliseren met alle relevante perspectieven (beleidsmedewerkers, praktijkprofessionals, ouders en jeugdigen) in de stad Utrecht en benut kan worden voor meer gerichte acties om normaliseren te bevorderen.
DOCUMENT
The Sport Empowers Disabled Youth 2 (SEDY2) project encourages inclusion and equal opportunities in sport for youth with a disability by raising their sports and exercise participation in inclusive settings. This SEDY2 Inclusive (Online) Focus Group Guidance aimed to develop an easy-to-use guidance document on how to deliver inclusive focus groups to attain the authentic views, wishes and feelings of children and youth with a disability about inclusion in sport in practice. This guidance document was produced in order to support other practitioners in conducting inclusive focus groups. The focus group guidance can easily be adapted to cover other topics and can also be used effectively with all (young) people.
DOCUMENT
This study investigates whether creative, expressive, and reflective writing contributes to the formation of a narrative career identity that offers students in higher education a sense of meaning and direction. The contents of writing done by students who participated in 2 two-day writing courses before and after work placements and of a control group were compared. Employers were also asked to evaluate students' performance. Writing samples were analyzed using the Linguistic Index Word Count program and an instrument based on Dialogical Self Theory. Work-placement self-reports were gathered, examined, and used as anecdotal evidence presented in the form of case studies. The results show that career writing can promote the development of career identity and holds promise as a narrative career guidance approach.
DOCUMENT
The emergence of organic planning practices in the Netherlands introduces new, non-conventional, local actors initiating bottom-up urban developments. Dissatisfied with conventional practices and using opportunities during the 2008 financial crisis, these actors aim to create social value, thus challenging prevailing institutions. Intrigued by such actors becoming more present and influential in urban planning and development processes, we aim to identify who they are. We use social entrepreneurship and niche formation theories to analyse and identify three types of social entrepreneurs. The first are early pioneers, adopting roles of a developer and end-user, but lacking position and power to realize goals. Secondly, by acting as boundary spanners and niche entrepreneurs, they evolve towards consolidated third sector organizations in the position to realize developments. A third type are intermediate agents facilitating developments as boundary spanners and policy entrepreneurs, without pursuing urban development themselves but aiming at realizing broader policy goals. Our general typology provides a rich picture of actors involved in bottom-up urban developments by applying theories from domains of innovation management and business transition management to urban planning and development studies. It shows that the social entrepreneurs in bottom-up urban development can be considered the result of social innovation, but this social innovation is set within a neoliberal context, and in many cases passively or actively conditioned by states and markets.
MULTIFILE
This investigation explores relations between 1) a theory of human cognition, called Embodied Cognition, 2) the design of interactive systems and 3) the practice of ‘creative group meetings’ (of which the so-called ‘brainstorm’ is perhaps the best-known example). The investigation is one of Research-through-Design (Overbeeke et al., 2006). This means that, together with students and external stakeholders, I designed two interactive prototypes. Both systems contain a ‘mix’ of both physical and digital forms. Both are designed to be tools in creative meeting sessions, or brainstorms. The tools are meant to form a natural, element in the physical meeting space. The function of these devices is to support the formation of shared insight: that is, the tools should support the process by which participants together, during the activity, get a better grip on the design challenge that they are faced with. Over a series of iterations I reflected on the design process and outcome, and investigated how users interacted with the prototypes.
DOCUMENT
This paper presents a multi-layer scheme to control a formation of three mobile robots. Each layer works as an independent module, dealing with a specific part of the problem of formation control, thus giving to the system more flexibility. In order to reduce formation errors, the proposed architecture includes a layer which performs an adaptive dynamic compensation, using a robust updating law, which compensates for each robot dynamics. The controller is able to guide the robots to the desired formation, including the possibility of time-varying position and/or shape. Stability analysis is performed for the closed-loop system, and the result is that the formation errors are ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results for a group of three unicycle-like mobile robots are presented, which show that system performance is improved when the adaptive dynamic compensation layer is included in the formation control scheme. © 2009 IEEE.
DOCUMENT
