Is ethical sensitivity culturally bound? A multiple case study from the Netherlands, Finland and Iran

In this study we investigated the culture-invariant and culture-dependent nature of ethical sensitivity within the educational contexts of three countries, of which two, Finland and The Netherlands, represent western cultures, and one, Iran, eastern cultures. Our aim was to identify the culturally bound elements of ethical sensitivity in our data. We also enhanced the validity of our instrument, the Ethical Sensitivity Scale Questionnaire (ESSQ), with regard to using it in different cultural contexts.