An analysis of visual functioning and cerebral visual impairments in children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

The aim of this study was to gain insight into the visual functioning of children with profound intellectuual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). A mixed methods study was performed, determining cross-sectional quantitative ophthalmological/orthoptic data, and qualitative observational data with a standardized research protocol (SRP) of 73 children with PIMD. Descriptive statistics and correlations were used for analyses of the data. Using ophthalmological data, 90.4% of the participants were found visually impaired. Based on the visual acuity (VA) testing, 49.6% of the participants had an impaired VA (