BACKGROUND: After hospitalization for cardiac disease, older patients are at high risk of readmission and death. Although geriatric conditions increase this risk, treatment of older cardiac patients is limited to the management of cardiac diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate if unplanned hospital readmission and mortality can be reduced by the Cardiac Care Bridge transitional care program (CCB program) that integrates case management, disease management and home-based cardiac rehabilitation.METHODS: In a randomized trial on patient level, 500 eligible patients ≥ 70 years and at high risk of readmission and mortality will be enrolled in six hospitals in the Netherlands. Included patients will receive a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) at admission. Randomization with stratified blocks will be used with pre-stratification by study site and cognitive status based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (15-23 vs ≥ 24). Patients enrolled in the intervention group will receive a CGA-based integrated care plan, a face-to-face handover with the community care registered nurse (CCRN) before discharge and four home visits post-discharge. The CCRNs collaborate with physical therapists, who will perform home-based cardiac rehabilitation and with a pharmacist who advices the CCRNs in medication management The control group will receive care as usual. The primary outcome is the incidence of first all-cause unplanned readmission or mortality within 6 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes at three, six and 12 months after randomization are physical functioning, functional capacity, depression, anxiety, medication adherence, health-related quality of life, healthcare utilization and care giver burden.DISCUSSION: This study will provide new knowledge on the effectiveness of the integration of geriatric and cardiac care.TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTR6316 . Date of registration: April 6, 2017.
Background Fall prevention programs have been proven effective in reducing falls and fall-related injuries in specific target groups and settings. However, implementing these programs on a larger scale often requires adjustments for feasibility. This study assessed the effectiveness of a nationally implemented fall prevention intervention compared to usual care in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This single-blinded, multicentre randomized controlled trial included 264 community-dwelling non- and pre-frail adults, aged 65 years or older with an increased fall risk. The intervention group participated in the In Balance intervention and the control group received general physical activity recommendations. Primary outcomes were the number of falls and fall-related injuries over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the Timed Up and Go and Four Stage Balance Test, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. We imputed missing data by multiple imputation, and analysed outcomes using generalized linear- and linear mixed-effects models. Analyses were done for the total group and stratified for frailty status. Results The mean number of falls per person over 12 months was not statistically different between the intervention and control group (respectively 1.67 (SE 0.24) and 1.98 (0.37); incidence rate ratio 0.85 (95% CI 0.51-1.43)), nor the mean number of fall-related injuries (respectively 0.70 (SE 0.11) and 0.97 (0.18); incidence rate ratio 0.73 (95% CI 0.44-1.19)). Secondary outcomes also showed no significant differences between group, frailty status and over time. Conclusions Although the number of falls and fall-related injuries was lower among In Balance participants, and balance, mobility, physical function, and emotional well-being improved, these differences were not statistically significant. Impact statement The implemented In Balance program appears to be less effective than a priori assumed, possibly due to insufficient adherence to the program in practice.
