Every healthcare professional (HCP) in the Netherlands is expected to provide palliative care based on their initial education. This requires national consensus and clarity on the quality and goals of palliative care education and accessible education opportunities nationwide. These requirements were not met in the Netherlands, posing a major obstacle to improving the organization and delivery of palliative care. Therefore, a program, Optimizing Education and Training in Palliative Care (O2PZ), was established to improve palliative care education on a national level. Objectives: The main task of the O2PZ program from 2018 to 2021 was to implement and improve palliative care education in initial education for nursing and medical professionals. The program’s ultimate goal was that every HCP be sufficiently educated to provide highquality generalist palliative care. Design: The O2PZ program consists of four projects to improve and consolidate generalist palliative care education nationwide. Methods: All projects used a participatory approach, that is, participatory development, implementation, and co-creation with stakeholders, mainly HCPs and education developers. Appreciative inquiry was used to assess, improve, and integrate existing local palliative care education initiatives. Results: (1) Establishment of an Education Framework for palliative care for all HCPs, including an interprofessional collaboration model; (2) optimization of palliative care education in the (initial) curricula of vocational education institutions and (applied) universities; (3) establishment of an online platform to disseminate materials to improve palliative care education; and (4) installment of seven regional palliative care education hubs, of which one hub was devoted to pediatric palliative care, as well as one national hub. Discussion: We discuss some lessons learned and challenges in accomplishing the goals of the O2PZ program in 2018–2021 and address how these challenges were dealt with. We maintain that co-creation with stakeholders at policy, organizational, and operational levels, as well as ongoing communication and collaboration, is essential to consolidating and implementing results. Conclusion: Over the past 4years, we have improved generalist palliative care education nationwide for all HCPs through four projects in which we collaborated closely with stakeholders. This has resulted in more attention to and implementation of palliative care in education, a national Education Framework for palliative care, including an interprofessional collaboration model, an online platform for palliative care education, and palliative care education hubs covering all regions of the Netherlands.
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At the end of January 2015 I was given a research assignment formulated and sponsored by two professors of professorships (hereafter lectoraten) associated with the Academy for Social Studies (SASS), and the manager of Professionals and Bedrijven (hereafter P&B). At a later stage, the research was expanded by the sponsorship of the educational managers of the bachelor and master studies of SPH and MWD. It is a complex assignment with several research perspectives and aims. The main goal was to find out how to make better use of the products of the lectoraten for educational purposes. This umbrella goal included many subordinate aims. One aim concerned identifying the products and prioritizing them according to the educational demands of clients in the field and of teachers of the SASS educational programmes. Another aim was to demonstrate which skills the teachers who develop educational materials need to have and to identify steps necessary to adapt the products. Yet another aim consisted of finding better ways for knowledge to circulate between the lectoraten and the teaching staff of SASS. Finally advising the staff of P & B on marketing and communications in relation to the products of the lectoraten was aimed at. Overview of the reportAs stated, there are multiple assignment-givers (hereafter sponsors). In the first section the general societal context which triggered the assignment has been sketched but contextual aspects related to each of the sponsors have also been identified (in Appendix 1). The individual contexts of sponsors were important because, although they agreed on the broad aims of the assignment, they naturally have specific expectations of the results based on their particular situations. After the background sketch, seven sub-tasks given by the sponsors have been turned into subordinate - research and consultation questions. The second section describes the methods used and measures taken to obtain findings. This includes an identification of the inventory structure, actors involved both intramurally and extramurally (the stakeholders). Next, a Delphi method for developing a profile of learner needs and a list of topics of products is described.In the third section, findings are set out in relation to the 7 sub-research and consultation questions. Some discussion and concluding remarks are given for most of the seven questions. The findings are written in English but most of the quotations from respondents have not been translated so they appear in Dutch. Section four summarises these findings in a compact manner since there were conclusions throughout the findings. Section five offers recommendations in Dutch. Attention is given to the different emphases of the sponsors in the details of recommendations. Please note that many end notes and appendices are offered for further reading since some of the approaches mentioned in the text may be unfamiliar to some readers. A word about terms Both Dutch and English employ a variety of terms to identify the provision (aanbod) of learning for adults in working environments and to identify the learning activities or programmes. This can be confusing but is, unfortunately, unavoidable. In Dutch, the terms ‘deskundigheidsbevordering, nascholing, bijscholing’ and ‘trainingsaanbod’ or occasionally ‘professionalisering’ are all used to indicate what in English is called ‘professional development’ (often abbreviated to PD) or ‘staff development’ or, recently, ‘professionalisation’ The typical Dutch use of the term ‘training’ for almost all stypes of learning activities has a somewhat more restricted meaning in English. Educational activities are often referred to as ‘learning trajectories’; ‘ learning opportunities’ or ‘interventions’ as well as, less commonly, ‘training sessions’ or ‘workshops’. All of the English terms are employed throughout this report. The most commonly used are ‘professionalisation’ or ‘PD’ for the provision and ‘interventions’ to indicate specific educational programmes or activities.
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In the social sciences, especially in social psychology and sociology, fear of the unknown and the tendency to favour the group one belongs to are recognised phenomena. This chapter will look at elements of these scientific theories and establish a link between these elements and the initial findings of a study of Syrian refugees on the Dutch labour market. First, this study is described, after which a glimpse into the world of social psychology is provided. This chapter concludes by taking a wide perspective on Dutch society and by discussing some lessons that can be learned for a diverse future. Research and education can support society in highlighting the importance of diversity and in training people to recognise the added value of diversity. Everyone will need to put considerable effort into ensuring people are judged for their personal qualities. Lecturers and professionals will need to examine their own judgements and biases first, before they can help to shape the perceptions of students. Together with students, lecturers can promote the benefits of the contact hypothesis and the concept of interactional diversity.
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Currently, various higher education (HE) institutes develop flexible curricula for various reasons, including promoting accessibility of HE, the societal need for more self-regulated professionals who engage in life-long learning, and the desire to increase motivation of students. Increasing flexibility in curricula allows students to choose for example what they learn, when they learn, how they learn, where they learn, and/or with whom. However, HE institutes raise the question of what preferences and needs different stakeholders have with regard to flexibility, so that suitable choices can be made in the design of policies, curricula, and student support programs. In this workshop, we focus on student preferences and share recent insights from research on HE students' preferences regarding flexible education. Moreover, we use participants’ expertise to identify new (research) questions to further explore what students’ needs imply for several domains, namely curriculum-design, student support that is provided by educators/staff, policy, management, and the professional field. Firstly, a conceptual framework on flexible education and student’s preferences will be presented. Secondly, participants reflect in groups on student personas. Then, discussion groups have a Delphi-based discussion to collect new ideas for research. Finally, participants share the outcomes on a ‘willing wall’ and a ‘wailing wall’.
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Every healthcare professional (HCP) in the Netherlands is expected to provide palliative care based on their initial education. This requires national consensus and clarity on the quality and goals of palliative care education and accessible education opportunities nationwide. These requirements were not met in the Netherlands, posing a major obstacle to improving the organization and delivery of palliative care. Therefore, a program, Optimizing Education and Training in Palliative Care (O2PZ), was established to improve palliative care education on a national level.
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Over the past decade, the maker movement and in its slipstream maker education have attained worldwide popularity among educators, politicians, and the media. Makers’ enthusiasm for creative design and construction, using old and new tools has proven contagious, and is worth exploration and critical reflection by the community of engineering and technology education (ETE). This chapter describes what has been said about “making” by philosophers and educators; what maker education is, and what is new and not so new about it; why it has gained momentum; what the evidence is about its effectiveness and its possible weaknesses; and how mainstream technology education may benefit from maker education. This chapter concludes with ideas for a research agenda.
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This article outlines the experiences of educators in three teacher education institutes in the USA, Australia and the UK as they experiment with carrying out programmes based on ideas of Action Research. The emphasis is on experiences with programmes of initial education for secondary school teachers. A descriptive case study aimed to find out what critical issues teacher educators on the three courses experienced as they attempted to work with programmes based on ideas of Action Research and what we can learn from that. The data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. In this study Action Research is conceived as an interactive method by which teachers and student teachers can develop knowledge. The paper first presents the theoretical framework, followed by the research design and presentation of the findings and finally the conclusion and discussion. The educators in all three institutes reported that students mastered simple, non-systematic forms of reflection before they were able to carry out fully-fledged Action Research in a systematic way and that they learned to master Action Research by doing it. Courses extending over several years with ideas of Action Research running through them as a constant theme provided the most fertile ground for this. The programmes seemed to have the best chance of success when there was commitment, continuity and communication in the education team. It was also important that it was not only the institutes or only the schools that had a say over the education of teachers: a shared say created better conditions for programmes based on Action Research.
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Lector Marco Snoek heeft een belangrijke bijdrage geleverd aan de publicatie ‘Shaping career-long perspectives on teaching’. Deze ‘Guide on policies to improve initial teacher education’ is onlangs gepubliceerd door de Europese Commissie. De guide omvat handreikingen die het resultaat zijn van het werk van de Working Group Schools van de Europese Commissie. De publicatie gaat in op de rol van leraren en hoe leraren in die rol ondersteund kunnen worden door een structuur voor het beroep, die gericht is op een leven lang leren en op samenwerkend leren. Het realiseren van een dergelijke structuur vraagt een nauwe samenwerking van de verschillende stakeholders: ministeries, leraren en schoolleiders. In de Working Group Schools bogen vertegenwoordigers van de verschillende lidstaten zich over de vraag hoe beleid van overheden het continuum van het beroep (de samenhang tussen de lerarenopleiding, de eerste fase van de beroepsuitoefening en de verdere loopbaan van leraren) kan versterken, welke bijdrage leeromgevingen die gericht zijn op samenwerkend leren tussen professionals daar aan kunnen leveren en wat dit vraagt van beleid en van de samenwerking tussen stakeholders bij het ontwikkelen van dit beleid. Marco Snoek vertegenwoordigde daarbij het Nederlandse Ministerie van Onderwijs. De verschillende inzichten die ontstonden op basis van uitwisseling van beleidsaanpakken in verschillende landen zijn vertaald naar aanbevelingen voor beleid. In een TEDlike talk die Marco Snoek op het Europese Education, Training and Youth Forum in Brussels op maandag 19 oktober verzorgde, gaat hij in op de hoofdpunten van de publicatie. Zie: www.vimeo.com/144635675
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To maximize learning opportunities in physical education, a range of conditions need to be met. One of the most crucial conditions is qualified physical education teachers. This prompts us to suggest that it is crucial that physical education teacher candidates engage in meaningful, relevant, and worthwhile educational experiences and upskilling opportunities on entering the teacher education program, on graduation, and on starting their careers. For this reason, there is a need to examine physical education teacher education in European countries and effective physical education teacher education practices being employed across European countries. This book directly addresses both issues. The shared template in each chapter allows the reader to identify a specific aspect of physical education teacher education they may be interested in and map this across the European countries. With a specific focus on physical education teacher education, the book explores the main areas of initial teacher education, induction, and professional development of each country. This chapter describes the situation in The Netherlands.
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Train today’s students for tomorrow’s jobs and let today’s professionals develop themselves alongside the progress in their field - these are the two most urgent demands we need and want to meet in vocational education. However, the world is changing so rapidly that the focus of Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) only on the design of initial education is no longer enough. Education must connect with industry, governments, NGOs and population in a more intensive and permanent manner.In the Northern Netherlands, in particular in the city of Groningen, higher and secondary vocational education are aware of this urgency. Therefore, knowledge institutions have innovatively developed formal partnerships with industry, governments, population and social organisations in their field. What stands out most is the cooperative model in which education institutions, local governments, citizens and entrepreneurs steadily collaborate within a single organisation, a new type of company. This is a business model where education and research cooperate with hundreds of companies, civil society organisations and social organisations in the city and the region. Each level has its own form: a Regional Cooperative for the region and a Community Cooperative for the neighbourhood. In this brochure we would like to introduce you to these forms of collaboration.
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