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Gesprekssjabloon Controversiële onderwerpen in de klas

Take out what you can: quantitative analysis of the open question results from the National Student Survey

The main goal of this study was to investigate if a computational analyses of text data from the National Student Survey (NSS) can add value to the existing, manual analysis. The results showed the computational analysis of the texts from the open questions of the NSS contain information which enriches the results of standard quantitative analysis of the NSS.

An evaluation of the added value of business rules management principles to transparency

Business decisions and business logic are important organizational assets. As transparency is becoming an increasingly important aspect for organizations, business decisions and underlying business logic, i.e., their business rules, must be implemented, in information systems, in such a way that transparency is guaranteed as much as possible. Based on previous research, in this study, we aim to identify how current design principles for business rules management add value in terms of transparency. To do so, a recently published transparency framework is decomposed into criteria, which are evaluated against the current business rules management principles. This evaluation revealed that eight out of twenty-two design principles do not add value to transparency, which should be taken into account when the goal of an organization is to increase transparency. Future research should focus on how to implement the design principles that add to transparency.

Personalising add-on treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a benefit-harm modelling study

BACKGROUND: Since the benefit-harm balance of adding inhaled corticosteroids to long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unclear, we evaluated this addition for a range of patient profiles. METHODS: Analyses considered the effects of low-to-moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids, LABA, and LAMA compared with LABA and LAMA alone, outcome incidences, and preference weights assigned to averted moderate-to-severe exacerbations (benefit) and severe pneumonia, candidiasis, and dysphonia (harm). Using exponential models, we estimated the preference weight-adjusted 2-year net clinical benefit (ie, benefits outweighing harms) indices. Exacerbation risk thresholds for triggering inhaled corticosteroids, LABA, and LAMA were established when the probability of a 2-year net clinical benefit reached 60%. We estimated the proportion of patients benefiting from added inhaled corticosteroids using an externally validated prediction model for acute exacerbations in primary care. FINDINGS: Adding low-to-moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids to LABA and LAMA provided a net clinical benefit in patients with a 2-year baseline exacerbation risk of 54-83%. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids showed a net clinical benefit if the baseline risk was 40-91%, but not at higher doses. The benefit was modified by blood eosinophil count (BEC) and age. Although no net benefit was associated with a BEC of less than 150 cells per μL, patients with a BEC of 150 cells per μL or more had a net benefit from low-dose inhaled corticosteroids with a 2-year exacerbation risk of 32-95% in those aged 40-79 years and 41-93% in those older than 80 years. A moderate dose of inhaled corticosteroids showed a net benefit in patients younger than 80 years with a BEC of 150 cells per μL or more at 52-86% 2-year exacerbation risk. Depending on the subgroups, the proportion of patients with a net benefit from added inhaled corticosteroids ranged from 0 to 68%. INTERPRETATION: The net clinical benefit of adding different inhaled corticosteroid doses to LABA and LAMA varies greatly with exacerbation risk, BEC, and age. Personalised treatment decisions based on these factors and predicted exacerbation risks might reduce overtreatment and undertreatment with inhaled corticosteroids.None.

An emotional roller coaster: electrophysiological evidence of emotional engagement during a roller-coaster ride with virtual reality add-on

Emotions are crucial ingredients of meaningful and memorable tourism experiences. Research methods borrowed from experimental psychology are prime candidates for quantifying emotions while experiences are unfolding. The present article empirically evaluates the methodological feasibility and usefulness of ambulatory recordings of skin conductance responses (SCRs) during a tourism experience. We recorded SCRs in participants while they experienced a roller-coaster ride with or without a virtual reality (VR) headset. Ride elements were identified that related to physical aspects (such as accelerations and braking), to events in the VR environment, and to the physical theming of the roller coaster. VR rides were evaluated more positively than normal rides. SCR time series were meaningfully related to the different ride elements. SCR signals did not significantly predict overall evaluations of the ride. We conclude that psychophysiological measurements are a new avenue for understanding how hospitality, tourism and leisure experiences dynamically develop over time.

Eighth graders’ expository text comprehension