There is more to be learned from nature as a whole. In practice ‘nature’ is often used in teaching, training, consultancy and organisational development as a metaphor, as a source of inspiration or as an example for all kinds of processes, including leadership, cooperation, relationships and the development of organisations and society. Mainly ecological, and much less frequently biological, processes are generally involved here. The question has gradually arisen whether we can learn more from nature in the social environment than what we ‘see’ on the surface - which is often translated in metaphors. Seen more holistically, this is about the systemic side, the complexity, the context and the coherence. For example, can we demonstrate that applying fundamental ecological principles, such as cycles (learning, self-organising, selfregulating and self-sufficient capacity), succession, diversity and resilience, social and cooperative behaviour, interconnectedness and interdependency within an organisation leads to a sustainable organisation? Mauro Gallo is conducting research into the significance of technical innovation in and for the agricultural and food sector, and into the question whether biomimicry can in fact be backed up in such a way that it contributes to the social sciences domain. At the same time there is a clear teaching issue: Is it logical from the perspective of our green DNA to include biomimicry thinking in our teaching? Is it possible to learn to apply biomimicry, and can biomimicry be applied in teaching/learning? (How) can we apply biomimicry in green VMBO and MBO, pass it on to the teachers of the future in teacher training courses and include it in making current lecturers more professional? Is it conceivable that it could become an integral component of the curricula in green HBO?
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De natuurwetenschappelijke en technische vakken bedienen zich van hun eigen vaktaal, hetgeen uitdagingen voor leerlingen met zich meebrengt. Deze studie laat zien hoe vakdocenten daarop kunnen worden voorbereid in de lerarenopleiding. De gevolgde onderzoeksmethode is ‘ontwerpgericht onderzoek’, waarbij gedurende drie jaar een curriculair ontwerp werd geconstrueerd, beproefd en verfijnd. Acht lerarenopleiders scheikunde, natuurkunde en techniek en 23 studenten participeerden in het onderzoek. De opbrengsten werden geformuleerd in termen van een concreet ontwerp en als ontwerpprincipes. Deze ontwerpprincipes zijn gestoeld op empirische werk en verankerd in theorieën over het opleiden van leraren, didactiek van natuurwetenschappen en techniek en toegepaste taalwetenschappen. Voor de inhoud van het opleidingsontwerp werd een variant van taalgericht vakonderwijs (TVO) beschreven die is verrijkt met genredidactiek, met als leerobject het practicumverslag. De interventies zijn verdeeld over A) vakcursussen waarin lerarenopleiders de taalgerichte benadering modelleerden, B) cursussen vakdidactiek waarin dezelfde taalgerichte benadering werd bestudeerd, en C) een stageopdracht om te oefenen met deze aanpak in de eigen onderwijspraktijk. Het onderzoek laat zien dat TVO als vorm van vakdidactiek kan worden aangeleerd in een bèta-technische lerarenopleiding en dat daarbij specificering nodig is van de vaktaal en functionele taaltaken. Ook is ruime aandacht nodig voor de uiteenlopende onderwijscontexten waarbinnen studenten werken.
Force transmission across the wrist during a grasping maneuver of the hand was simulated for three children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and for one healthy age-matched child. Joint reaction forces were estimated using a series of springs between articulating bones. This method (i.e., rigid body spring modeling) has proven useful for examining loading profiles for normally aligned wrists. A novel method (i.e., sliding rigid body spring modeling) designed specifically for studying joint reaction forces of the malaligned JIA wrist is presented in this paper. Loading profiles across the wrist for the unimpaired child were similar using both spring modeling methods. However, the traditional fixed-end method failed to converge to a solution for one of the JIA subjects indicating the sliding model may be more suitable for investigating loading profiles of the malaligned wrist. The results of this study suggest that a larger proportion of force is transferred through the ulno-carpal joint of the JIA wrist than for healthy subjects, with a less than normal proportion of force transferred through the radio-carpal joint. In addition, the ulnar directed forces along the shear axis defined in this study were greater for all three JIA children compared to values for the healthy child. These observations are what were hypothesized for an individual with JIA of the wrist.
