Er is vandaag de dag veel aandacht voor grootschalige veehouderij in Nederland. Er zijn ook veel vragen waar men het exacte antwoord niet van weet, wanneer gesproken wordt over bijvoorbeeld de veterinaire risico’s bij zo’n dergelijk groot bedrijf. Daar is dit onderzoeksverslag dan ook op gebaseerd. De hoofdvraag is dan ook: “Wat zijn de veterinaire gevolgen van inplaatsing van grootschalige melkveehouderij in de Veenkoloniën?” Deze vraag is lichtelijk veranderd tezamen met de opdrachtgever en daardoor is de vraag als volgt: “Wat is het verschil in veterinaire risico’s tussen één bedrijf met 1000 koeien en 10 bedrijven met elk 100 koeien?” Om deze vraag te beantwoorden wordt er in dit onderzoeksverslag gezocht naar het antwoord op vragen omtrent dierziekten, erfverkeer en preventie. Daarbij wordt ook nog rekening gehouden met het wel of niet weiden van de koeien op de 100-koeienbedrijven.
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BackgroundIdiopathic Toe Walking (ITW) is present in children older than 3 years of age still walking on their toes without signs of neurological, orthopaedic or psychiatric diseases. ITW has been estimated to occur in 7% to 24% of the childhood population. To study associations between Idiopathic Toe Walking (ITW) and decrease in range of joint motion of the ankle joint. To study associations between ITW (with stiff ankles) and stiffness in other joints, muscle strength and bone density.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 362 healthy children, adolescents and young adults (mean age (sd): 14.2 (3.9) years) participated. Range of joint motion (ROM), muscle strength, anthropometrics sport activities and bone density were measured.ResultsA prevalence of 12% of ITW was found. Nine percent had ITW and severely restricted ROM of the ankle joint. Children with ITW had three times higher chance of severe ROM restriction of the ankle joint. Participants with ITW and stiff ankle joints had a decreased ROM in other joints, whereas bone density and muscle strength were comparable.ConclusionITW and a decrease in ankle joint ROM might be due to local stiffness. Differential etiological diagnosis should be considered.
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Already for some decades lateral flow assays (LFAs) are ‘common use’ devices in our daily life. Also, for forensic use LFAs are developed, such as for the analysis of illicit drugs and DNA, but also for the detection of explosives and body fluid identification. Despite their advantages, including ease-of-use, LFAs are not yet frequently applied at a crime scene. This review describes (academic) developments of LFAs for forensic applications, focusing on biological and chemical applications, whereby the main advantages and disadvantages of LFAs for the different forensic applications are summarized. Additionally, a critical review is provided, discussing why LFAs are not frequently applied within the forensic field and highlighting the steps that are needed to bring LFAs to the forensic market.
