There is a lack of interest and empirical analysis in the existing literature on composers’ relations with their publishers and the role of Collective Management Organizations (CMOs) within the system of music copyright. The purpose of this paper is to explore and understand the influence of digitization within the music industry on the copyright enforcement in the Netherlands and on rights holders and the CMOs. Also to explore and understand how their mutual relationships are affected by digitization of the music industry. A qualitative analysis was done by reviewing scientific literature, performing a documents analysis and doing open interviews. In the existing economics of copyright literature, the main focus is set on transaction costs, efficiency and welfare topics. The findings can be used to understand and model how rights holders and CMOs cope with the digitization and contribute to the policy makers and economic actor’s discussion about future improvement of the copyright enforcement system.
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The digital era has brought about profound changes in how music is created, distributed, and consumed, posing a need for modernizing the Dutch collective management system of music copyright to match the rapidly changing digital music industry. This study aims to identify the key stakeholders and their perceptions of the Dutch system of collective management of music copyright. Utilizing qualitative document analysis, the study examines a range of public and non-public documents, including income statements, annual reports from Collective Management Organizations (CMOs), and contracts between publishers and creators. The research is further enriched by twenty-four semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders such as composers, lyricists, music publishers, copyright lawyers, and CMO executives. The findings of the study highlight several issues like the outdated IT systems and the lack of data standardization within the system. The research also notes a contrast in organizational effectiveness: major publishers are well-organized and unified in their negotiations with Digital Service Providers (DSPs) and CMOs, effectively advocating for their rights. However, music copyright holders, despite their legal homogeneity, are either unorganized or ineffectively aligned, displaying diverse interests and varying levels of access to information, as well as differences in norms and values prioritization. The study is grounded in the economics of collective management (ECM) and makes a significant academic contribution to this field by introducing new empirical findings to ECMs core constructs and integrating theoretical perspectives. The research offers valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers, aiming to foster a more equitable music copyright management system in the digital context.
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Dit artikel beschrijft een onderzoek naar werkzame elementen in de samenwerking binnen innovatieve leeromgevingen, professionele werkplaatsen (PW) genoemd. In PW werken onderwijs en beroepspraktijk samen aan complexe vraagstukken waarbij de ontwikkeling van betrokkenen en de innovatie van de beroepspraktijk centraal staan. Op basis van literatuuronderzoek, verkennende interviews met 11 sleutelfiguren en een meervoudige casestudie waarin vanuit 4 cases 75 betrokkenen participeerden, is het model Lerend en Onderzoekend Samenwerken in PW ontwikkeld. Het model omvat zes elementen en laat zien dat het lerend en onderzoekend samenwerken centraal staat in een PW en zich ontwikkelt binnen een grensoverstijgende en ontwikkelingsgerichte cultuur. Betrokkenen in een PW leren gezamenlijk doordat ze samenwerken in de dienstverlening en hierbij waarde hechten aan het delen van verschillende perspectieven. Door facilitering van mensen en middelen en door de samenwerking vorm te geven vanuit een gezamenlijke visie, kunnen betrokkenen elkaar leren kennen en afstemmen op welke manier zij samen kunnen bijdragen aan de innovatie van de beroepspraktijk. Hiervoor zijn zowel het opbouwen van relaties als het expliciteren en verdelen van taken en verantwoordelijkheden essentieel. Het model, dat een systemisch perspectief kent, biedt uitgangspunten en handvatten om de samenwerking binnen een PW te evalueren en te versterken.
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In dit rapport wordt verslag gedaan van de resultaten van een onderzoek naar ontwikkelwerkplaatsen die zijn geïnitieerd en uitgevoerd. Het onderzoek vond plaats in de periode januari 2019 - juni 2020 door onderzoekers van de lectoraten: Innovatieve Maatschappelijke Dienstverlening, Participatie Zorg en Ondersteuning en Jeugd van het Kenniscentrum Sociale Innovatie en met ondersteuning van het Lectoraat Methodologie van Praktijkgericht Onderzoek van de Hogeschool Utrecht. Het onderzoek is door al deze lectoraten uit eigen middelen gefinancierd. De aanleiding voor dit onderzoek was dat het moment zich ervoor leent samen met facilitators en onderzoekers van deze werkplaatsen terug te blikken en vooruit te kijken. De bedoeling ervan was niet alleen een evaluatie uit te voeren maar tevens te leren van deze ervaringen en bij te dragen aan de verdere ontwikkeling en onderbouwing van de ontwikkelwerkplaatsen als een succesformule voor praktijkonderzoek. Over het algemeen is namelijk de indruk dat de ontwikkelwerkplaatsen een krachtige stimulans vormen voor praktijkontwikkeling, maar het is nog niet zo eenvoudig aan te geven waardoor dit het geval is. Vragen die hiermee samenhangen zijn welke doelen worden nagestreefd en welke resultaten worden bereikt, wat werkzame elementen zijn en waarom ze in de ene situatie wel goed uitpakken en in een andere iets minder (zie Metz, 2020 voor een actueel en verhelderend overzicht van de stand van zaken).
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Zowel in de marketingtheorie als in de praktijk is er veel aandacht voor zowel klantbeleving als voor merkbeleving. Vreemd genoeg is er onvoldoende afstemming tussen beide. Zo houden experiencespecialisten en accountmanagers zich niet bezig met merkwaarden, en houden brandmanagers en CMO’s (Chief Marketing Officers) zich vooral bezig met campagnes en conversie. Zo valt ook waar te nemen dat de sterk toenemende digitale communicatie via apps, websites en standaard platforms als LinkedIn steeds meer eenheidsworst wordt. Gevolg is dat klanten vaak niet een ‘merk-waardige’ beleving hebben. Het onderscheidend vermogen van merken en daarmee de kans om klantentrouw te realiseren komt hierdoor in gevaar. In dit artikel schetsen we eerst de problemen vanuit de theorie en de praktijk en presenteren dan oplossingen.
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Tijdens deze openbare les presenteer ik u de visie en de ambitie van waaruit het lectoraat deze bijdrage wil leveren. Die ambitie is een uitwerking van de ambitie van het Kenniscentrum Innovatie en Business, waar expertise op het terrein van businessmodellen en ondernemerschap wordt ontwikkeld en uitgedragen.
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Light scattering is a fundamental property that can be exploited to create essential devices such as particle analysers. The most common particle size analyser relies on measuring the angle-dependent diffracted light from a sample illuminated by a laser beam. Compared to other non-light-based counterparts, such a laser diffraction scheme offers precision, but it does so at the expense of size, complexity and cost. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a new particle size analyser in a collimated beam configuration using a consumer electronic camera and machine learning. The key novelty is a small form factor angular spatial filter that allows for the collection of light scattered by the particles up to predefined discrete angles. The filter is combined with a light-emitting diode and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor array to acquire angularly resolved scattering images. From these images, a machine learning model predicts the volume median diameter of the particles. To validate the proposed device, glass beads with diameters ranging from 13 to 125 µm were measured in suspension at several concentrations. We were able to correct for multiple scattering effects and predict the particle size with mean absolute percentage errors of 5.09% and 2.5% for the cases without and with concentration as an input parameter, respectively. When only spherical particles were analysed, the former error was significantly reduced (0.72%). Given that it is compact (on the order of ten cm) and built with low-cost consumer electronics, the newly designed particle size analyser has significant potential for use outside a standard laboratory, for example, in online and in-line industrial process monitoring.
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Background: Collaboration between parents and speech and language therapists (SLTs) is seen as a key element in family-centred models. Collaboration can have positive impacts on parental and children’s outcomes. However, collaborative practice has not been well described and researched in speech and language therapy for children and may not be easy to achieve. It is important that we gain a deeper understanding of collaborative practice with parents, how it can be achieved and how it can impact on outcomes. This understanding could support practitioners in daily practice with regard to achieving collaborative practice with parents in different contexts. Aims: To set a research agenda on collaborative practice between parents and SLTs in order to generate evidence regarding what works, how, for whom, in what circumstances and to what extent. Methods & Procedures: A realist evaluation approach was used to make explicit what collaborative practice with parents entails. The steps suggested by the RAMESES II project were used to draft a preliminary programme theory about collaborative practice between parents and SLTs. This process generates explicit hypotheses which form a potential research agenda. Discussion & Conclusions: A preliminary programme theory of collaborative practice with parents was drafted using a realist approach. Potential contextual factors (C), mechanisms (M) and outcomes (O) were presented which could be configured into causal mechanisms to help explain what works for whom in what circumstances. CMO configurations were drafted, based on the relevant literature, which serve as exemplars to illustrate how this methodology could be used. In order to debate, test and expand our hypothesized programme theory for collaborative practice with parents, further testing against a broader literature is required alongside research to explore the functionality of the configurations across contexts. This paper highlights the importance of further research on collaborative practice with parents and the potential value of realist evaluation methodology
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This research investigates the integration of stakeholders' values into the digital frameworks of Collective Management Organizations (CMOs) within the Dutch music copyright system. Utilizing Q methodology, the study captures diverse perspectives from composers, lyricists, publishers, and CMO representatives on values, value tensions, norms, and system requirements. A pilot study with four experts tested data collection methods and refined the study design for a larger, follow-up study involving 30 participants. Preliminary findings, based on factor analysis of participant rankings of 30 statements, reveal two distinct perspectives: one focused on "Fairness and Accountability," emphasizing trust-building and equitable treatment, and the other on "Technological Efficiency and Transparency," prioritizing clear information, verification mechanisms, and advanced IT systems. Qualitative insights from participant interviews provide nuanced understanding, highlighting the importance of transparency in royalty processes, balanced application of technology, and equitable royalty distribution in the digital age. This research contributes to the modernization of copyright management systems offering a conceptual model adaptable to other creative (Intellectual Property) industries
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Laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) has been proven to be a useful tool in predicting the burn wound outcome in an early stage. A major disadvantage of scanning beam LDPI devices is their slow scanning speed, leading to patient discomfort and imaging artifacts. We have developed the Twente Optical Perfusion Camera (TOPCam), a whole field laser Doppler perfusion imager based on a CMOS imaging array, which is two orders of magnitude faster than scanning beam LDPI systems. In this paper the first clinical results of the TOPCam in the setting of a burn centre are presented. The paper shows perfusion images of burns of various degrees. While our system encounters problems caused by blisters, tissue necrosis, surface reflection and curvature in a manner similar to scanning beam imagers, it poses a clear advantage in terms of procedure time. Image quality in terms of dynamic range and resolution appears to be sufficient for burn diagnosis. Hence, we made important steps in overcoming the limitations of LDPI in burn diagnosis imposed by the measurement speed. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI.
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