Infants attend daycare at an early age, which raises questions about children's sensitivity to the childcare environment and the role of different temperamental traits in their development in the early years. In a two-year longitudinal study with parent- and caregiver-reported data for Dutch children at the age of 1 and 2 years (120 children from 92 groups), we explored fine-grained dimensions of negative affect and their relationship with socio-emotional functioning. Especially shyness, frustration and soothability proved robust predictors of socio-emotional development across parent- and caregiver-reported data with both concurrent (Year-1) and predictive associations (Year-2). Also, the quality of caregiver–child interactions moderated caregiver-reported child wellbeing and competence. Infants that are open to social contacts, are easy to comfort and have low levels of frustration, and have higher levels of wellbeing and less problem behaviour in early daycare than peers with higher levels of shyness and frustration and relatively low levels of soothability.
ACHTERGROND: Familieleden die mantelzorg verlenen aan patiënten met een ernstige psychische aandoening ervaren emotionele belasting en rapporteren een hogere incidentie van psychische klachten vergeleken met de algemene populatie. Zij geven aan dat ze onvoldoende zijn voorbereid op het verlenen van de noodzakelijke praktische en emotionele steun aan deze patiënten. Om in deze behoeften te voorzien is de MAT-training opgezet, een trainingsprogramma interactievaardigheden voor mantelzorgers. Dit onderzoek hanteert een pre-posttestopzet. Op basis hiervan werd het effect van de training op het gevoel van competentie (eigen-effectiviteit) van de mantelzorgers onderzocht en de mate van belasting die zij ervoeren. METHODEN: Aan de training namen 100 personen deel die mantelzorg verleenden aan een familielid. Zij werden geworven binnen drie instellingen voor geestelijke gezondheidszorg. De mate van belasting werd vastgesteld met behulp van de Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire, een vragenlijst die de betrokkenheid meet. De mate van eigen-effectiviteit werd gemeten met behulp van de Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Aan de hand van de variantieanalyse met herhaalde metingen (RM-ANOVA) werd onderzocht of trainingsdeelname iets veranderde aan de mate waarin deze mantelzorgers belasting en eigen-effectiviteit ervoeren. Aan de hand van de Pearson-correlatie werd gekeken naar het verband tussen eigen-effectiviteit en belasting. RESULTATEN: Uit de resultaten blijkt dat na de training de mate van eigen-effectiviteit na verloop van tijd significant toenam (p<0,001) en dat de mate van belasting significant afnam (p<0,001). Tegen de verwachting in bleek er echter geen verband te bestaan tussen een toename in de mate van eigen-effectiviteit en een afname in de mate van belasting. De mantelzorgers hadden veel waardering voor de training. CONCLUSIE: Familieleden die mantelzorg verlenen aan patiënten met een ernstige psychische aandoening ervoeren een groter gevoel van competentie en een significante afname van de mate van belasting na het volgen van het trainingsprogramma. De training werd erg gewaardeerd en bleek te voorzien in de behoefte van mantelzorgers aan de vereiste vaardigheden in complexe mantelzorgsituaties. Dit artikel is een vertaling van ‘Evaluation of an interaction-skills training for reducing the burden of family caregivers of patients with severe mental illness: a pre-posttest design’, van Yasmin Gharavi et al., BMC Psychiatry 2018;18:84.
The project aims to improve palliative care in China through the competence development of Chinese teachers, professionals, and students focusing on the horizontal priority of digital transformation.Palliative care (PC) has been recognised as a public health priority, and during recent years, has seen advances in several aspects. However, severe inequities in the access and availability of PC worldwide remain. Annually, approximately 56.8 million people need palliative care, where 25.7% of the care focuses on the last year of person’s life (Connor, 2020).China has set aims for reaching the health care standards of the developed countries by 2030 through the Healthy China Strategy 2030, where one of the improvement areas in health care includes palliative care, thus continuing the previous efforts.The project provides a constructive, holistic, and innovative set of actions aimed at resulting in lasting outcomes and continued development of palliative care education and services. Raising the awareness of all stakeholders on palliative care, including the public, is highly relevant and needed. Evidence based practice guidelines and education are urgently required for both general and specialised palliative care levels, to increase the competencies for health educators, professionals, and students. This is to improve the availability and quality of person-centered palliative care in China. Considering the aging population, increase in various chronic illnesses, the challenging care environment, and the moderate health care resources, competence development and the utilisation of digitalisation in palliative care are paramount in supporting the transition of experts into the palliative care practice environment.General objective of the project is to enhance the competences in palliative care in China through education and training to improve the quality of life for citizens. Project develops the competences of current and future health care professionals in China to transform the palliative care theory and practice to impact the target groups and the society in the long-term. As recognised by the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC), palliative care competences need to be developed in collaboration. This includes shared willingness to learn from each other to improve the sought outcomes in palliative care (EAPC 2019). Since all individuals have a right to health care, project develops person-centered and culturally sensitive practices taking into consideration ethics and social norms. As concepts around palliative care can focus on physical, psychological, social, or spiritual related illnesses (WHO 2020), project develops innovative pedagogy focusing on evidence-based practice, communication, and competence development utilising digital methods and tools. Concepts of reflection, values and views are in the forefront to improve palliative care for the future. Important aspects in project development include health promotion, digital competences and digital health literacy skills of professionals, patients, and their caregivers. Project objective is tied to the principles of the European Commission’s (EU) Digital Decade that stresses the importance of placing people and their rights in the forefront of the digital transformation, while enhancing solidarity, inclusion, freedom of choice and participation. In addition, concepts of safety, security, empowerment, and the promotion of sustainable actions are valued. (European Commission: Digital targets for 2030).Through the existing collaboration, strategic focus areas of the partners, and the principles of the call, the PalcNet project consortium was formed by the following partners: JAMK University of Applied Sciences (JAMK ), Ramon Llull University (URL), Hanze University of Applied Sciences (HUAS), Beijing Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Guangzhou Health Science College (GHSC), Beihua University (BHU), and Harbin Medical University (HMU). As project develops new knowledge, innovations and practice through capacity building, finalisation of the consortium considered partners development strategy regarding health care, (especially palliative care), ability to create long-term impact, including the focus on enhancing higher education according to the horizontal priority. In addition, partners’ expertise and geographical location was also considered important to facilitate long-term impact of the results.Primary target groups of the project include partner country’s (China) staff members, teachers, researchers, health care professionals and bachelor level students engaging in project implementation. Secondary target groups include those groups who will use the outputs and results and continue in further development in palliative care upon the lifetime of the project.
