This dissertation revolves around the older and younger Chinese immigrants in the Netherlands. Specifically, the topic of study was the wellbeing of the older Chinese immigrants, and cultural elements as filial piety may play part in the in the wellbeing of this population.Comparative studies regarding frailty, loneliness and Quality of Life were conducted in China and the Netherlands, among older Chinese adults. In general, the older Chinese immigrant adults are predominantly socially vulnerable, such as a high prevalence of loneliness, whereas the native Chinese adults report a high prevalence of frailty. A second cross-national study provided insights in the cross-cultural equivalence of the De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale among the native and diasporic older Chinese adults.The cultural element filial piety is found to be relevant both to the first- and second-generation Chinese immigrants in the Netherlands. It is specifically of importance to the mental wellbeing of the older first-generation Chinese immigrants. Moreover, a qualitative study shows that filial piety frames how filial caregiving takes place among the second-generation Chinese immigrants. Lastly, a normative filial piety scale was translated to Dutch and psychometric validated among second-generation Chinese immigrants.These findings indicate that older Chinese immigrants are socially vulnerable. Secondly, filial piety is of relevance to the Chinese immigrants in the Netherlands. It is of importance to consider these aspects for professionals working both with older and younger Chinese immigrants in the Netherlands.
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Filial piety is important to Chinese adults and is associated with mental health among older Chinese immigrants in the United States. However, it is unclear whether filial piety is linked to the mental health of Chinese immigrants in European countries. Therefore, this study aims to gain insights into the association between mental health and filial piety of first-generation Chinese immigrants in the Netherlands. A random sample of 143 participants took part in the study. A cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected through a postal survey conducted in the Chinese language between January 2021 and March 2021. The survey included a Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC), and expected and perceived filial piety scale. The results indicated that in general, perceived filial piety exceeded expected filial piety ('filial piety sufficient'). Regression analysis revealed that 'filial piety sufficient' is associated with a higher emotional MHC (B =.498, p =.035). This study provided new insights into the wellbeing of older Chinese immigrants in the Netherlands and showed accordance with the literature that filial piety remains an important factor for mental health.
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BACKGROUND: Global migration has increased in the past century, and aging in a foreign country is relevant to the Chinese diaspora.OBJECTIVE: With regard to migration, this study focuses on the places of aging as the context of older Chinese adults. This study aimed to describe the general health and wellbeing of this population with respect to their location.DESIGN: This study has a cross sectional design.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recruited who were "aging in place" from Tianjin, China (199 participants), and "aging out of place" from the Netherlands (134 participants). Data from April to May 2019 in China and November 2018 to March 2019 in the Netherlands were aggregated.MEASUREMENTS: frailty, QoL and loneliness were used in both samples.RESULTS: T-tests and regression analyses demonstrated that social domains of frailty and QoL, as well as loneliness and frailty prevalence characterized the major differences between both places of aging. A correlation analysis and visual correlation network revealed that frailty, quality of life (QoL), and loneliness were more closely related in the aging out of place sample. Social domains of frailty and QoL, as well as the prevalence of loneliness and frailty, characterized the major differences between both places of aging.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that frailty, QoL, and loneliness have a complex relationship, confirming that loneliness is a major detriment to the general wellbeing of older Chinese adults aging out of place. This study examined the places of aging of the larger Chinese population and allows a comprehensive understanding of health and wellbeing. The social components, especially loneliness, among the aging out of place Chinese community should receive more attention practice and clinical wise. On the other hand, frailty as well as its prevention is of more importance for the Chinese community aging in place.
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This study explored perceptions of filial care among second-generation Chinese immigrants in the Netherlands. The provision of filial help or care can be regarded as a cultural phenomenon known as filial piety and it can be considered within the broad scope of caregiving as “family care”. Fifteen interviews were conducted, and a thematic analysis was applied. The findings showed that care was given in the form of language brokering, information inquiry, home visits, and facilitative and social support. Care was perceived as a moral duty among the participants and was grounded in their perceived sense of responsibility. The participants’ perspectives on current and future care included practical and normative considerations for meeting parental needs, and included opinions based on filial piety norms. In conclusion, this study showed that filial piety, specifically filial care, is still relevant to the younger immigrant Chinese community in the Netherlands.
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Whilst until the late 1980s most migration issues developed in a parallel manner but with national specifics, important differences showed up during the 1990s and at the beginning of this decade. Since the middle of the 1990s, there has been an obvious change in policy towards migrants and foreigners in the Netherlands, and those changes have been more or less “exported” to our neighbouring countries and even to the level of the EU. Integration into society with the maintenance of the immigrant’s own culture has been replaced by integration into the Dutch society after passing an integration examination. The focus of this article is to investigate those changes and to compare the implementation of those policies in the Netherlands/Limburg and Germany/NRW, where the official understanding of not being an immigration country was dominant until the end of the 1990s, and where integration has only recently become an important political issue. Both countries are now facing similar challenges for better integration into the society, especially into the educational system. Firstly, the autors describe migration definitions, types, the numbers of migrants and the backgrounds of migrant policies in Germany and the Netherlands up until the middle of the 1990s. Secondly they discuss the integration policies thereafter: the pathway to a new policy and the Action Plan Integration in Germany, and the central ideas of the Civic Integration of Newcomers Act (WIN) in the Netherlands. Integration policy in the Netherlands is highly centralised with little differentiation on the local governmental level when compared to South Limburg. Thirdly, the autors investigate the cross-border cooperation between professional organisations and educational institutions in the Euregio Meuse-Rhine, and the involvement of social work institutions and social workers in their process of integration into the local society and the exchange of each others’ experiences (the ECSW and RECES projects).
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Food from home can increase feelings of belonging and act as a source of comfortfor people who move to another country and their children. Nevertheless, people whomove elsewhere often start taking over dietary elements of the host culture, a dynamicprocess referred to as food acculturation. This paper argues that this process is not only related to identity negotiations and emotional connections, but that food choices are also shaped by everyday practical realities. Using a social practice theory-inspired approach, focusing on the elements of material, competence, and meaning, this study investigates the food provisioning practices of eighteen people with a migration background through semistructured interviews.Keywords: migration; acculturation; food environment; procuring; cooking; eating; social practice theory
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Social media has become a prolific tool for companies to build their brands. An effective way to interact with stakeholders on social media has been the relatively new discipline of ‘influencer marketing’. Here, companies engage social media stars to use their large fan-base to promote products and services on their brand’s behalf. While related to the promotional tactic of word-of-mouth marketing, influencer marketing lacks a theoretical foundation in the academic discourse. This paper aims to fill this gap by offering a conceptualisation to operationalize the new discipline in practice. The conceptualisation proposes brand owners a methodology to choose the right influencers for their brands and guides influencers to perform optimally with their fan base. Lastly, a consumer perspective is taken to the discussion to emphasize the relevance of influencer marketing in the consumer purchase decision-making process.
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The in-depth assessment of the situation of the European textile and clothing sector is composed by six independent reports with a close focus on key aspects useful to understand the dynamics and the development of the textile and clothing industry, drivers of change – most notably the impact of the financial crisis – and identification of policy responses and best practices. This has been done in six specific tasks leading to the six reports: Task 1 Survey on the situation of the EU textile and clothing sector Task 2 Report on research and development Task 3 Report on SME situation Task 4 Report on restructuring Task 5 Report on training and Education Task 6 Report on innovation practices The overall objective of the study in Task 3 is the “assessment of main difficulties faced by T/C SMEs in 5 regions of the EU and prospects to overcome these difficulties”. - to assess the general problems that SMEs are pre-facing because of “all-encompassing” phenomena such as globalization and the financial/economic crisis (2008-2010). This part of the study shall highlight the general context that all SMEs have to cope wit - to identify paradigmatic situations or cases (in terms of regions/clusters and SMEs) that, for their clarity, or special conditions, may highlight new developments and/or unprecedented business conditions for SMEs. This part will provide inputs for designing support initiatives targeting specific problems in order to understand how SMEs: - see the competitive context - overcome constraints - reposition the firm by learning or (dis)investing - are hampered in their change by institutional factors.
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