Communicatieve leerdoelen die op landelijk niveau opgenomen zijn in de eindtermen voor de moderne vreemde talen worden niet altijd weerspiegeld in de dagelijkse les- en toetspraktijken. Omdat in een curriculum samenhang tussen leerdoelen, leeractiviteiten en toetsing (‘constructive alignment’) een voorwaarde is voor effectief onderwijs, is het van belang om inzicht te krijgen in (oorzaken van) een mogelijk gebrek daaraan. Charline Rouffet, Catherine van Beuningen en Rick de Graaff onderzochten de mate van samenhang in vreemdetalencurricula tussen leerdoelen, leeractiviteiten en toetsing, en de factoren die daarop van invloed kunnen zijn. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat leeractiviteiten en toetsing voornamelijk gericht zijn op kennis van grammaticaregels en woordenschat zonder toepassing in de praktijk, en op leesvaardigheid. Externe factoren, zoals beschikbaar les- en toetsmateriaal, en conceptuele factoren, zoals opvattingen van docenten over het leren van talen, blijken bij te dragen aan dit gebrek aan samenhang. Toetsing die niet in lijn is met de communicatieve leerdoelen heeft met name een negatief sturend effect op leeractiviteiten, en daarmee op de implementatie van effectief communicatief vreemdetalenonderwijs in de praktijk.
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Course materials play a vital role in the foreign language classroom. Relatively little attention has been paid, however, to analyzing the activities that foster oral interactional ability in EFL course materials. For the purpose of this study, a coding scheme was designed that focuses specifically on the development of interactional ability. This was used to analyse the three most commonly used EFL course books for pre-vocational learners in The Netherlands. The analysis revealed that course books focus more on developing language knowledge than on developing the ability to use this knowledge in interaction, that interactional strategies practice is missing, and that interactional practice is limited to the personal and public context. We conclude that EFL course books lag behind current SLA theories in the practical application of activities focused on developing interactional ability. Recommendations to strengthen the link between theory and practice are made.
Dutch secondary school pupils seldom speak the foreign language in class, citing anxiety as a primary factor (Haijma, 2013). Implementing improvisational drama techniques (IDTs), however, could help ameliorate this situation by generating positive affective reactions, such as confidence and joy, and in turn stimulate pupils to speak. The concept IDT in this study contains two key elements. Firstly, participants take on roles in fictitious situations. Secondly, the activities must elicit spontaneous speech as to offer language learners opportunities to practice real-life communication, which is central to the goal of this research. The question driving this study was: What types of IDTs induce positive affective reactions among pupils and, as such, have the potential to stimulate spoken interaction in FL classrooms? The study yielded 77 IDTs associated with positive affective reactions through a literature review and an analysis of student teacher reflections on their IDT use in their English classrooms. This combined evidence lends credence to the conception that it could be the essence of improvisational drama that generates positive reactions, rather than the type of activity—the essence being an invitation to enter a fictional world, combined with the improvisational element that readies learners for spontaneous interactions.
