Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate how a variety of research methods is commonly employed to study technology and practitioner cognition. User-interface issues with infusion pumps were selected as a case because of its relevance to patient safety. Methods: Starting from a Cognitive Systems Engineering perspective, we developed an Impact Flow Diagram showing the relationship of computer technology, cognition, practitioner behavior, and system failure in the area of medical infusion devices. We subsequently conducted a systematic literature review on user-interface issues with infusion pumps, categorized the studies in terms of methods employed, and noted the usability problems found with particular methods. Next, we assigned usability problems and related methods to the levels in the Impact Flow Diagram. Results: Most study methods used to find user interface issues with infusion pumps focused on observable behavior rather than on how artifacts shape cognition and collaboration. A concerted and theorydriven application of these methods when testing infusion pumps is lacking in the literature. Detailed analysis of one case study provided an illustration of how to apply the Impact Flow Diagram, as well as how the scope of analysis may be broadened to include organizational and regulatory factors. Conclusion: Research methods to uncover use problems with technology may be used in many ways, with many different foci. We advocate the adoption of an Impact Flow Diagram perspective rather than merely focusing on usability issues in isolation. Truly advancing patient safety requires the systematic adoption of a systems perspective viewing people and technology as an ensemble, also in the design of medical device technology.
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Abstract Chapter 4: Basing ourselves on a literature review and expert interviews we create an overview of methods and tools to identify and respond to ethical questions used in healthcare, social work, police and the military. We identify six main types of methods or tools that can support professionals or organisations in dealing with ethical issues. Some of these methods are already used in CT or could be used. Some methods or tools are targeted at individual professionals or small groups, whilst others are targeted at the organisational level. The methods and tools are described in brief. Samenvatting boek: Wat is ethisch wel en wat niet geoorloofd? De aanslagen die de Europese hoofdsteden teisteren wrijven het ons in: terrorismebestrijding is noodzakelijk en is onlosmakelijk verbonden met de moderne samenleving. De inlichtingendiensten en andere organisaties die zich hiermee bezighouden, stuiten echter telkens op de vraag hoe ver zij mogen gaan. Waar liggen de grenzen? Wat is ethisch wel en wat niet geoorloofd? En vooral: hoe gaan professionals met deze soms levensgrote dilemma's om? In deze Engelstalige uitgave reflecteren wetenschappers, terrorismebestrijders en ethici op dit zeer actuele thema.
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Communicatieprofessionals geven aan dat organisaties geconfronteerd worden met een almaar complexere samenleving en daarmee het overzicht verloren hebben. Zo’n overzicht, een ‘360 graden blik’, is echter onontbeerlijk. Dit vooral, aldus diezelfde communicatieprofessionals, omdat dan eerder kan worden opgemerkt wanneer de legitimiteit van een organisatie ter discussie staat en zowel tijdiger als adequater gereageerd kan worden. Op dit moment is het echter nog zo dat een reactie pas op gang komt als zaken reeds in een gevorderd stadium verkeren. Onderstromen blijven onderbelicht, als ze niet al geheel onzichtbaar zijn. Een van de verklaringen hiervoor is de grote rol van sociale media in de publieke communicatie van dit moment. Die media produceren echter zoveel data dat communicatieprofessionals daartegenover machteloos staan. De enige oplossing is automatisering van de selectie en analyse van die data. Helaas is men er tot op heden nog niet in geslaagd een brug te slaan tussen het handwerk van de communicatieprofessional en de vele mogelijkheden van een datagedreven aanpak. Deze brug dan wel de vertaling van de huidige praktijk naar een hogere technisch niveau staat centraal in dit onderzoeksproject. Daarbij gaat het in het bijzonder om een vroegtijdige herkenning van potentiële issues, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot geruchtvorming en oproepen tot mobilisatie. Met discoursanalyse, AI en UX Design willen we interfaces ontwikkelen die zicht geven op die onderstromen. Daarbij worden transcripten van handmatig gecodeerde discoursanalytische datasets ingezet voor AI, in het bijzonder voor de clustering en classificatie van nieuwe data. Interactieve datavisualisaties maken die datasets vervolgens beter doorzoekbaar terwijl geautomatiseerde patroon-classificaties de communicatieprofessional in staat stellen sociale uitingen beter in te schatten. Aldus wordt richting gegeven aan handelingsperspectieven. Het onderzoek voorziet in de oplevering van een high fidelity ontwerp en een handleiding plus training waarmee analisten van newsrooms en communicatieprofessionals daadwerkelijk aan de slag kunnen gaan.
Renewable energy, particularly offshore wind turbines, plays a crucial role in the Netherlands' and EU energy-transition-strategies under the EU Green Deal. The Dutch government aims to establish 75GW offshore wind capacity by 2050. However, the sector faces human and technological challenges, including a shortage of maintenance personnel, limited operational windows due to weather, and complex, costly logistics with minimal error tolerance. Cutting-edge robotic technologies, especially intelligent drones, offer solutions to these challenges. Smaller drones have gained prominence through applications identifying, detecting, or applying tools to various issues. Interest is growing in collaborative drones with high adaptability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. The central practical question from network partners and other stakeholders is: “How can we deploy multiple cooperative drones for maintenance of wind turbines, enhancing productivity and supporting a viable business model for related services?” This is reflected in the main research question: "Which drone technologies need to be developed to enable collaborative maintenance of offshore wind turbines using multiple smaller drones, and how can an innovative business model be established for these services? In collaboration with public and private partners, Saxion, Hanze, and RUG will research the development of these collaborative drones and investigate the technology’s potential. The research follows a Design Science Research methodology, emphasizing solution-oriented applied research, iterative development, and rigorous evaluation. Key technological building blocks to be developed: • Morphing drones, • Intelligent mechatronic tools, • Learning-based adaptive interaction controllers and collaborations. To facilitate the sustainable industrial uptake of the developed technologies, appropriate sustainable business models for these technologies and services will be explored. The project will benefit partners by enhancing their operations and business. It will contribute to renewing higher professional education and may lead to the creation of spin-offs/spinouts which bring this innovative technology to the society, reinforcing the Netherlands' position as a leading knowledge economy.
Denim Democracy from the Alliance for Responsible Denim (ARD) is an interactive exhibition that celebrates the journey and learning of ARD members, educates visitors about sustainable denim and highlights how companies collaborate together to achieve results. Through sight, sound and tactile sensations, the visitor experiences and fully engages sustainable denim production. The exhibition launches in October 2018 in Amsterdam and travels to key venues and locations in the Netherlands until April 2019. As consumers, we love denim but the denim industry, like other sub-sectors in the textile, apparel and footwear industries, faces many complex sustainability challenges and has been criticized for its polluting and hazardous production practices. The Alliance for Responsible Denim project brought leading denim brands, suppliers and stakeholders together to collectively address these issues and take initial steps towards improving the ecological sustainability impact of denim production. Sustainability challenges are considered very complex and economically undesirable for individual companies to address alone. In denim, small and medium sized denim firms face specific challenges, such as lower economies of scale and lower buying power to affect change in practices. There is great benefit in combining denim companies' resources and knowledge so that collective experimentation and learning can lift the sustainability standards of the industry and lead to the development of common standards and benchmarks on a scale that matters. If meaningful, transformative industrial change is to be made, then it calls for collaboration between denim industry stakeholders that goes beyond supplier-buyer relations and includes horizontal value chain collaboration of competing large and small denim brands. However collaboration between organizations, and especially between competitors, is highly complex and prone to failure. The research behind the Alliance for Responsible Denim project asked a central research question: how do competitors effectively collaborate together to create common, industry standards on resource use and benchmarks for improved ecological sustainability? To answer this question, we used a mixed-method, action research approach. The Alliance for Responsible Denim project mobilized and facilitated denim brands to collectively identify ways to reduce the use of water and chemicals in denim production and then aided them to implement these practices individually in their respective firms.
