The sustainable energy transition asks for new and innovative solutions in the way society, government, energy market and clients (end users) approach energy distribution and consumption. The energy transition provides great opportunity to develop innovative solutions where in the dense built environment district heating and cooling are being strongly advocated.Traditionally, the energy systems in urban districts have been regulated by a top-down approach. With the rise of local and distributed sustainable sources for urban heating and cooling, the complexity of the heat/cold chain is increasing. Therefore, an organic and bottom-up approach is being requested, where the public authorities have a facilitating and/or directive role. There is a need for a new and open framework for collaboration between stakeholders. A framework that provides insight into the integral consideration of heating and cooling solutions on district level in terms of: organisation, technology and economy (OTE). This research therefore focuses on developing this integral framework towards widely supported heating and cooling solutions among district stakeholders.Through in-depth interviews, workshops and focus groups discussions, relevant stakeholders in local district heating/cooling of varying backgrounds and expertise have been consulted. This has led to two pillars in a framework. Firstly the definition of Key Success Factors and Key Performance Indicators to evaluate technical solutions in light of the respective context. Secondly, an iterative decision making process among district stakeholders where technical scenarios, respective financial business cases and market organisation are being negotiated. Fundamental proposition of the framework is the recurrent interaction between OTE factors throughout the entire decision making process. In order to constantly assure broad-based support, the underlying nature of possible barriers for collaboration are identified in a stakeholder matrix, informing a stakeholder strategy. It reveals an open insight of the interests, concerns, and barriers among all stakeholders, where solutions can be developed effectively.
DOCUMENT
This study focuses on the feasibility of electric aircraft operations between the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. It explores the technical characteristics of two different future electric aircraft types (i.e., Alice and ES-19) and compares their operational requirements with those of three conventional types currently in operation in the region. Flight operations are investigated from the standpoint of battery performance, capacity, and consumption, while their operational viability is verified. In addition, the CO2 emissions of electric operations are calculated based on the present energy mix, revealing moderate improvements. The payload and capacity are also studied, revealing a feasible transition to the new types. The impact of the local climate is discussed for several critical components, while the required legislation for safe operations is explored. Moreover, the maintenance requirements and costs of electric aircraft are explored per component, while charging infrastructure in the hub airport of Aruba is proposed and discussed. Overall, this study offers a thorough overview of the opportunities and challenges that electric aircraft operations can offer within the context of this specific islandic topology.
MULTIFILE
Several studies have shown that flying electric between the so-called ABC-islands in the Caribbean (i.e., Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao) is feasible with the upcoming first generation of battery-electric aircraft. This paper presents a real-world case study that deals with the technical and operational characteristics of electric flight in that region. With that purpose, the Aruba Airport Authority (AAA) commissioned this investigation, which involved numerous local stakeholders, such as airlines, energy providers and navigation services. This study involves two commuter electric aircraft under development, aiming to investigate how they fit in the current operational scheme of three local airlines and three conventional aircraft types in terms of technology, capacity, schedule, performance, CO2 emissions and fuel costs. Conclusions indicate that a transition to batter-electric aircraft is feasible with regards to the aforementioned criteria and with the current technology and energy density of batteries.
DOCUMENT
RODEO introduceert een meer participatief businessmodel voor stadsverwarming en -koeling (DHC) welke de kosten, baten en risico's van de ontwikkeling, realisatie en exploitatie opnieuw in balans brengt. Hiermee kunnen warmtenetten op grotere schaal worden ingezet en uiteindelijk individuele woningen bereiken. Het initiatief ligt bijna altijd bij de lokale overheid, maar het is de wisselwerking tussen alle stakeholders (lokale overheden, netbeheerders, warmteleveranciers en -verbruikers) die de kern vormt van het model. Dit is een duidelijk verschil met traditionele businessmodellen waarbij de netbeheerder moet uitzoeken hoe te concurreren met gas. RODEO zal dit businessmodel co-creëren en valideren in 4 steden met een eigen DHC-systeem: Duinkerke, Oostende, Assen en Dublin. Elk netwerk bevindt zich in een andere ontwikkelingsfase, maar allen zijn nog steeds vooral afhankelijk van aardgas. De uitwisseling tussen de 4 steden, ondersteund door experts van Exceedence en Hanze Hogeschool, zorgt ervoor dat alle partijen veel sneller leren & evolueren. Dit zou niet mogelijk zijn in een nationale context; er zijn gewoon nog niet genoeg netten. Om de impact te maximaliseren, worden de leerlessen verwerkt in een trainingsprogramma gericht op lokale overheden en DHC-beheerders in NWE.
