Managing and supporting the collaboration between different actors is key in any organizational context, whether of a hierarchical or a networked nature. In the networked context of ecosystems of service providers and other stakeholders, BPM is faced with different challenges than in a conventional hierarchical model, based on up front consolidation and consensus on the process flows used in collaboration. In networked ecosystems of potential business partners, designing collaboration upfront is not feasible. Coalitions are formed situationally, and sometimes even ad-hoc. This paper presents a number of challenges for conventional BPM in such environments, and explores how declarative process management technology could address them, indicating topics for further research.
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Organizations are struggling to choose from or combine the different business process management paradigms offered in today's BPM landscape, such as workflow management, dynamic case management and straight through processing. The field of declarative processes seems to be able to address this challenge by offering a unified approach to business process modeling, providing variable amounts of flow at execution time and different levels of autonomy to the actors based on models using a single formalism. The notion of declarativity in business processes seems to be ill defined and is often treated as a black and white distinction. However, a number of quite different formalisms have been developed that are broadly agreed to be declarative. This paper proposes a number of qualitative characteristics to characterize the declarative nature of process modeling formalisms. The characteristics are evaluated by applying them to a number of relevant process modeling formalisms, both imperative and declarative, and we discuss how these characteristics can be utilized to create business processes that offer activity flows that are known up front where needed, and allow ad hoc approaches to offer experts freedom and to support impediment driven approaches in an STP context.
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Many organizations use business process management to manage and model their processes. Currently, flow-based process formalisms, such as BPMN, are considered the standard for modeling processes. However, recent literature describes several limitations of this type of formalism that can be solved by adopting a constraint-based formalism. To preserve economic investments in existing process models, transformation activities needed to be limited. This paper presents a methodical approach for performing the tedious parts of process model transformation. Executing the method results in correctly transformed process models and reduces the effort required for converting the process models.
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Agile software development has evolved into an increasingly mature software development approach and has been applied successfully in many software vendors’ development departments. In this position paper, we address the broader agile service development. Based on method engineering principles we define a framework that conceptualizes an operational way of working for the development of services, emphatically taking into account agility. As a first level of agility, the framework contains situational project factors that influence the choice of method fragments; secondly, increased agility is proposed by describing and operationalizing these method fragments not as imperative steps or activities, but instead by means of sets of minimally specified, declarative rules that determine the context and constraints within which goals are to be reached. This approach borrows concepts from rules management, organizational patterns, and game design theory. Keywordsmethod engineering–agile service development–business rules–business rules management–product management–game design
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In this chapter we discuss the implications of our research in the wider context of current models of brain function, endeavoring to understand the consequences of score-dependence and improvisation in terms of the ‘predicting brain’, the dual-stream model of perception and action, the procedural-declarative model of learning and memory, ideomotor learning and sensorimotor mapping, and the implicit acquisition of hierarchical music syntax.
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Als studieboek is dit werk vooral bedoeld voor studenten en docenten van zowel bachelor- en masteropleidingen Nederlands van universiteiten als masteropleidingen van hogescholen. Delen van dit boek kunnen voor bachelor-opleidingen van die hogescholen gebruikt worden. Als naslagwerke is het bedoeld voor de specialisten. Het boek geeft een breed beeld van de materie door met het ontstaan en de groei door met het historisch-vergelijkend taalkundig onderzoek te beginnen en via het Indo-Europees en de taalveranderingen daarna, uit te komen op het zeventiende eeuws Nederlands. Maar waar ansdere handboeken dan ophouden, geeft dit boek een vervolg met drie hoofdstukken over de geschiedenis van het Nedersaksisch, het Brabants, Limburgs Vlaams en Zeeuws, en het Fries. De uitbreiding maakt het boek bijzonder ongeacht de doelgroepen. Het werk bevat tien hoofdstukken waarvan sommige voorzien zijn van vragenmateriaal. Ver is het boek rijk geillustreerd en is er aan het eind niet alleen een zeer uitgebreid trefwoordenregister opgenomen maar ook een verklarende lijst gebruikte taalkundige termen.
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Voor de pianist en docent kan meer kennis van het brein van nut zijn. Traditionele leermethoden zijn vaak op verouderde psychologische modellen gebaseerd. Het brein wordt tegenwoordig als een ‘voorspeller’ gezien. Perceptie is de uitkomst van de voorspelling en de sensorische input. Beweging wordt aangestuurd door de voorspelling van de sensorische uitkomsten van de beweging. Behalve bewuste perceptie, beschikken wij ook over onbewuste perceptie waar de motoriek gebruik van maakt. Deze twee soorten perceptie zijn gelieerd aan twee soorten leren: procedural en declarative . Het muziekonderwijs houdt zich vooral met bewuste perceptie en expliciete kennis bezig, terwijl de motoriek juist gebruik maakt van onbewuste perceptie en impliciete, procedural kennis. Kennis van de neurowetenschap houdt de klassieke muziek een spiegel voor.
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When teaching grammar, one of the biggest challenges teachers face is how to make their students achieve conceptual understanding. Some scholars have argued that metaconcepts from theoretical linguistics should be used to pedagogically and conceptually enrich traditional L1 grammar teaching, generating more opportunities for conceptual understanding. However, no empirical evidence exists to support this theoretical position. The current study is the first to explore the role of linguistic metaconcepts in the grammatical reasoning of university students of Dutch Language and Literature. Its goal was to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of students’ grammatical conceptual knowledge and reasoning and to investigate whether students’ reasoning benefits from an intervention that related linguistic metaconcepts to concepts from traditional grammar. Results indicate, among other things, that using explicit linguistic metaconcepts and explicit concepts from traditional grammar is a powerful contributor to the quality of students’ grammatical reasoning. Moreover, the intervention significantly improved students’ use of linguistic metaconcepts.
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This article aims to provide an insight into how students construct their professional knowledge and what the content and nature of personal professional knowledge is through the concept of PPTs (personal professional theories).
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Archives are, more than ever, organizational and technological constructs, based on organizational demands, desires, and considerations influencing configuration, management, appraisal, and preservation. For that reason, they are, more than ever, distortions of reality, offering biased (and/or manipulated) images of the past and present an extremely simplified mirror of social reality. The information objects within that archive are (again: more than ever), fragile, manipulable, of disputable provenance, doubtful context, and uncertain quality. Their authenticity is in jeopardy.The “Allure of Digital Archives” will be more about finding knowledge about the archive as a whole than about finding knowledge hidden in the information objects that are its constituents. It will be about determining the value of a digital archive as a “trusted” resource for historical research. To be successful in that endeavour, it will be necessary to assess the possibility to “reconstruct the past” of the digital archive. That assessment would allow historians to understand quality, provenance, context, content, and accessibility of the digital archive, not only in its design stage but also in its life cycle.In this chapter, I present the theoretical framework of the “Archive–as–Is” as an instrument for such an assessment. It is possible for historians to use this framework as a declarative model for the way archives have been designed, configured, managed, and maintained. It will allow historians to understand why archives are as they are, and why records are part of it (or not). Using the framework, historians can determine the research value of a digital archive as a historical resource.
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