BACKGROUND: Since the placenta also has a sex, fetal sex-specific differences in the occurrence of placenta-mediated complications could exist.OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of fetal sex with multiple maternal pregnancy complications.SEARCH STRATEGY: Six electronic databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web-of-Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify eligible studies. Reference lists of the included studies and contact with experts were also used for identification of studies.SELECTION CRITERIA: Observational studies that assessed fetal sex and the presence of maternal pregnancy complications within singleton pregnancies.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSES: Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers using a predesigned data collection form.MAIN RESULTS: From 6522 original references, 74 studies were selected, including over 12,5 million women. Male fetal sex was associated with term pre-eclampsia (pooled OR 1.07 [95%CI 1.06 to 1.09]) and gestational diabetes (pooled OR 1.04 [1.02 to 1.07]). All other pregnancy complications (i.e., gestational hypertension, total pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, placental abruption, and post-partum hemorrhage) tended to be associated with male fetal sex, except for preterm pre-eclampsia, which was more associated with female fetal sex. Overall quality of the included studies was good. Between-study heterogeneity was high due to differences in study population and outcome definition.CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that the occurrence of pregnancy complications differ according to fetal sex with a higher cardiovascular and metabolic load for the mother in the presence of a male fetus.FUNDING: None.
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This volume brings together articles from different parts of the globe that describe, question, test and criticize innovations and recent developments in online dating. Using quantitative as well as qualitative techniques the studies included in the book examine the impact of gender, personality traits, app interface and design, and culture on success and failure in online courtship. Among the issues dealt here are ghosting, sex emoticons, body presentation in the virtual universe, dime dating, religious courtship and more.Amir Hetsroni is a professor in the Department of Media and Visual Arts at Koç University in Turkey. He is the author/editor of four books and nearly 100 journal articles and book chapters. He is also a media celebrity in his home country, Israel, where he takes part in reality shows as a consultant and commentator, and takes an active role in anti-censorship campaigns. He failed to find love in online dating, but did not lose hope.Meriç Tuncez, a PhD candidate in Design, Technology, Society program at Koç University, received his BA in Business Administration from Koç University, and received his M.F.A. in Media and Design from Bilkent University. His research interests span interactions with artificial intelligence and virtual assistants including humanness, mental state, emotion, intention, sociality and morality attributions to artificial intelligence, and online dating. He is also a digital artist and his artworks were included in a recent interdisciplinary exhibition about coincidences called Yaratan Disiplinler: Tesadüfler by Tasarım Atölyesi Kadıköy (TAK) in Istanbul. His first real love was exclusively on the net but later he realized that he was being catfished by that person for the duration of a year.
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Het overvoeren van zeer jonge kinderen (0 - 3 jaar) leidt ertoe dat zij later als volwassene een enorm hongergevoel hebben en daardoor in onze maatschappij van automatisering en overvloed overgewicht ontwikkelen. Daarnaast slapen mensen met overgewicht significant korter. In dit artikel wordt uiteengezet wat de evolutionaire verklaring hiervoor zou kunnen zijn. Tevens wordt een toetsbare hypothese opgesteld waarin de voorspelling wordt gedaan dat overvoeren op jonge leeftijd leidt tot overgewicht en korter slapen op latere leeftijd.
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