The international classroom is presumably a far more effective learning environment for the acquisition of intercultural competence when students receive adequate training to make the most of their intercultural encounters. This paper provides a summary of the intercultural training taught to first-year students of an international programme in The Hague University of Applied Sciences. The purpose of the paper is to investigate how the students respond to this intercultural training as well as what signs of intercultural awareness they show after completing the course. The findings were obtained via qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews, observations and student homework assignments. Overall, students evaluate the training positively. Furthermore, students show some awareness of the necessary ingredients for effective intercultural communication in the international classroom as well as of the challenging nature of this communication due to cultural diversity. Finally, this paper provides recommendations from the facilitators on stimulating intercultural learning in the international classroom.
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the role of higher education in fostering young professionals’ global competence
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Higher education is tasked with preparing students for a culturally diverse and globalizing world. Additionally, western nations have an increasingly diverse student population and know the success of their students will depend in part on being able to navigate diversity. There is therefore good reason for institutions of higher learning to promote and facilitate the development of ‘global citizens’ – people who can work and relate across borders and boundaries, both real and perceived. However, teachers are not necessarily equipped to foster this learning. Many teachers are used to a reproductive way of teaching while the learning that is needed here is identity learning, directed at dialogue, internally as well as externally. This chapter proposes the potential of creative, expressive and reflective writing as a way in which personal development – a form of a reflexive internal dialogue – can be fostered to promote cultural healing and global citizenship. The writing method will be described and a case study on cultural healing in the context of Canada’s reconciliation efforts with Aboriginal people will be used to illustrate the learning process involved. The processes of writing the self and re-narrating identity has several promising benefits for both students and teachers in higher education. First it allows us to learn more about ourselves and what blocks our learning (i.e. promotes self-reflection). Second, it allows us to change our story and our identifications and therefore choose differently (i.e. self-direction). Third, it is a companion on the road of life where we literally learn to talk and listen to ourselves and articulate the tacit knowledge that can be unearthed through narrative, journal, and poetic writing. Fourth, the method is playful and creative and although tears are frequently shed in the process, students report a great enjoyment in writing and sharing their stories with others. It is a meaningful dialogue about experience and also has the potential of promoting cultural (Lengelle, Jardine, & Bonnar, 2018) healing in the context of a very diverse student body (Banks, 2015). It also has the potential for creating new bonds in the classroom and allows teachers in higher education to engage in the difficult work of facilitating global citizenship learning. The internal dialogue described here also allows us to ‘clean up’ judgements and become aware of the need to reach out to others. Not only the actual sharing of vulnerable writing in a class or online setting shows us we are not alone, but ‘writing the self’ focuses deliberately on where we have become fearful about our own and others’ identities and allows us a learning process to unearth those things, heal them in order to reach out to others.
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Docenten van Fontys Hogeschool Bedrijfsmanagement, Educatie en Techniek (BEnT) hebben geëxperimenteerd (Gorissen, 2014) met Flipping the Classroom in relatie tot de taxonomie van Bloom. Bij dit concept worden lage kennisniveaus uit deze taxonomie voor de les aangesproken en in de les worden hogere kennisniveaus aangesproken. Bij het herontwerp van hun lessen zijn docenten ondersteund door workshops, gegeven door Fontys Educatief Centrum (FEC). Het onderzoek geeft inzicht in de ervaringen van docenten als ze Flipping the Classroom toepassen en dient als input voor FEC zodat toekomstige workshops nog beter aansluiten bij behoeften van docenten. De hoofdvraag is: Wat zijn ervaringen van docenten en studenten van een HBO-instelling met het toepassen van de taxonomie van Bloom in relatie tot Flipping the Classroom? Hiervoor zijn drie deelonderzoeken uitgevoerd, te weten een kwalitatieve analyse van de lesvoorbereidingen en individuele interviews met docenten en een kwantitatief onderzoek onder studenten over de door hun gevolgde lessen via dit concept. Resultaten laten zien dat docenten het concept correct toepassen en ze hiervoor activerende werkvormen en ICT tools inzetten. Docenten zijn enthousiast over de toepassing ondanks dat herontwerp tijdrovend is. Studenten kenden het concept vooraf niet maar hérkenden het wel, zowel voorafgaand als in de les. Vanwege de lage respons onder studenten kan alleen een voorzichtige conclusie getrokken worden dat het concept bijdraagt aan betere verwerking van de leerstof en dat het vaker toegepast mag worden. De belangrijkste aanbevelingen zijn gericht op kennisdeling tussen docenten die dit concept (willen gaan) toepassen in het onderwijs en nader onderzoek naar de invloed op de leerprestaties van de studenten.
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De Haagse Hogeschool wil haar studenten competenties laten verwerven om in een internationaal en cultureel gedifferentieerde omgeving te kunnen werken (HHS, 2013). De gezondheidszorg is immers geen nationaal geïsoleerd fenomeen meer (Van der Hulst, 2011). Globalisering dwingt ons tot het verbreden van onze blik en het aangaan van samenwerkingsrelaties om kennis en ervaringen uit te wisselen. Niet alleen met andere landen, maar ook binnen ons eigen land, omdat de huidige en toekomstige Nederlandse arbeidsmarkt steeds internationaler wordt. Voor de huidtherapeuten, diëtisten en verpleegkundigen van de Academie voor Gezondheid betekent dit bijvoorbeeld dat zij in toenemende mate zorg verlenen in een internationale context: met collega’s en patiënten uit verschillende landen en met een diversiteit van culturele achtergronden. Toekomstige diëtisten, huidtherapeuten en verpleegkundigen moeten daarom beschikken over de nodige competenties om in deze international omgeving te functioneren. Maar: hoe richt je het onderwijs zo in dat studenten werkelijk de gelegenheid krijgen deze competenties te ontwikkelen? In studiejaar 2013-2014 is de Academie voor Gezondheid gestart met een pilot voor het internationale programma ‘New Interconnected Citizens for Global Health’. Deze pilot wordt volgend jaar uitgebreid en vanaf studiejaar 2015-2016 volgen alle studenten van de academie dit programma. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op hoe dit programma tot stand is gekomen, hoe het in de praktijk gestalte kreeg en is geëvalueerd. Wij besluiten het artikel met een vooruitblik op het volgend studiejaar. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/froukje-jellema-78733a63/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/anita-ham-53297921/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/dorien-voskuil-9b27b115/
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International education is a relatively new field and until recently, there was no formal education to prepare practitioners. This means that people working in international education are a colourful and diverse group, coming from a wide range of disciplines, which definitely adds to the attraction of the field. I call international education a field rather than a discipline since it is composed of a variety of established disciplines, such as languages, educational sciences, psychology, business, anthropology, history and even, in my case, classical archaeology. For this lecture, I have chosen to return to my original discipline and discuss global learning as the stages of an archaeological excavation. Cutting though the subsequent layers represents a history of international education but also my own professional history. By digging deeper down, layer after layer, I hope to uncover the essence of global learning in order to make its benefits available for all our students. This lecture consists of four sections. In the first section, I want to go back to the time when archaeology was a new discipline and see what we can learn from the research conducted at that time. In the second section I will reveal the layers of internationalisation and global learning until we come to the layer that we are currently exploring. In the third section, I will look at some of the factors and trends that will have an impact on global learning in the years to come. This shows that circumstances are quite different from when the excavation started and that global education is therefore dynamic. Finally, I will discuss what research the Research Group Global Learning will conduct, how and with whom, in the coming years.
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Internationalization and global citizenship are increasingly becoming the emerging focus of higher education worldwide as universities seek to incorporate global learning in their policies, curricula and strategies. Global engagement, international collaborations, strategic alliances and operations are all on the increase with the aim of delivering future-proof graduates with a global mindset and inter-cultural competences. Additionally, it can be noted that hybridity in education is acutely present through the digitalisation of delivery modes as well as the introduction of new mobility formats, such as faculty-led study abroad programmes and transnational education at branch campuses. So not only do we see more activity, but also more delivery modes of international education. While both digital delivery and new mobility structures transcend traditional boundaries of space and locality, it is precisely this point that can pose serious challenges to the success of international education. Both involve a “relocation” of education; however, when the physical locality, where the students and lecturers are rooted in certain value and beliefs systems, is not considered, the risk is that the educational experience remains one-sided despite the multidimensional context of which it should be a part. Locality is the key to successful and meaningful internationalisation. After presenting the case that locality is of paramount importance, this chapter will outline the conceptual model of intercultureality, which allows education programs to foster and nurture intercultural competence development of students in their own unique landscape from the ground up. Using the metaphor of a landscape, intercultureality provides tools to create an intercultural reality by utilising the unique hybrid of the physical locality, the disciplinary context, the dynamics of the (virtual) classroom as well as the infrastructures in place. The underlying idea is that programmes and institutions can grow any kind of landscape that works for their context, building on the soil of their own previously defined intercultural competence goals. This soil will be enriched by means of five features: the formal curriculum, the pedagogy, the student experience, the informal curriculum, and the organisational and strategic frameworks. The model is further elaborated upon and illustrated with examples of practices of The Hague University of Applied Sciences (THUAS), where the authors work.
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Connected through a screen, two classes that are an ocean apart take the same course and do the same assignments. Our course “ The Global Village” is a globally networked learning environment (Starke-Meyerring and Wilson, 2008) where students from two different universities work and learn together using technology. They meet in a virtual classroom in synchronous sessions through web conferencing; they also work together in intercultural teams through Google Hangouts/Skype, wikis, blogs and email. After exploring their local communities, students identify global connections by comparing their results with their intercultural team members. Teaching in this type of experiential environment required us to adapt our teaching strategies. What better way to share our teaching and learning experience than through a Digital Showcase?In: IT and digital connectedness – digital showcase. International Conference Improving University Teaching (IUT), Vancouver, 23-26 juni 2014
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In this chapter, we propose that the democracy we wish to see out in the world is influenced by the quality of our own “inner democracies”—that is: the quality of the democracies among and between the selves or voices in the landscape of the self. We must find ways out of the I-prisons we experience and perpetuate. With this in mind, we propose that ”writing the self,” a method whereby creative, expressive, and reflective writing is used to cultivate an internal dialogue and construct a new identity narrative (Lengelle, 2014), can assist in reshaping our stories about ”the Other and ourselves” and can contribute to personal and cultural healing and reconciliation. The inner dialogue reconciled is foundational for the external dialogue at the heart of global citizenship within education. Indeed, as Schellhammer argues, we must cultivate the self in order to become inter-culturally competent, and this includes facing shadow aspects through truthful dialogues with the self and caring for the self. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62861-5_6 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/reinekke-lengelle-phd-767a4322/
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Many students in secondary schools consider the sciences difficult and unattractive. This applies to physics in particular, a subject in which students attempt to learn and understand numerous theoretical concepts, often without much success. A case in point is the understanding of the concepts current, voltage and resistance in simple electric circuits. In response to these problems, reform initiatives in education strive for a change of the classroom culture, putting emphasis on more authentic contexts and student activities containing elements of inquiry. The challenge then becomes choosing and combining these elements in such a manner that they foster an understanding of theoretical concepts. In this article we reflect on data collected and analyzed from a series of 12 grade 9 physics lessons on simple electric circuits. Drawing from a theoretical framework based on individual (conceptual change based) and socio-cultural views on learning, instruction was designed addressing known conceptual problems and attempting to create a physics (research) culture in the classroom. As the success of the lessons was limited, the focus of the study became to understand which inherent characteristics of inquiry based instruction complicate the process of constructing conceptual understanding. From the analysis of the data collected during the enactment of the lessons three tensions emerged: the tension between open inquiry and student guidance, the tension between students developing their own ideas and getting to know accepted scientific theories, and the tension between fostering scientific interest as part of a scientific research culture and the task oriented school culture. An outlook will be given on the implications for science lessons.
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