Abstract: To gather insight on how Health in All Policies (HiAP) is applied in practice, we carried out a case study on transport policies intended to stimulate a shift from car use to bicycling. We reviewed 3 years (2010, 2011, and 2012) of national budgets and policy documents in the Netherlands, followed by two focus group sessions and a second round of document analysis.
Even though citizen and patient engagement in health research has a long tradition, citizen science in health has only recently gained attention and recognition. However, at present, there is no clear overview of the specifics and challenges of citizen science initiatives in the health domain. Such an overview could contribute to highlighting and articulating the different needs of stakeholders engaged in any form of citizen science in the health domain. It may also encourage the input of citizens and patients alike in health research and innovation, policy, and practice. This paper reports on a survey developed by the European Citizen Science Association (ECSA)’s Working Group “Citizen Science for Health,” to highlight the perceived characteristics and enabling factors of citizen science in the health domain, and to formulate a direction for future work and research. The survey was available in six languages and was open between January and August 2022. The majority of the 254 respondents were from European countries, and the largest stakeholder respondent group was researchers. Respondents were asked about their perspectives on the particular characteristics of citizen science performed in health and biomedical research, as well as the challenges and opportunities it affords. Ethics, the complexity of the health domain, and the overlap in roles whereby the researcher is sometimes also the subject of research, were the main issues suggested as being specific to citizen science in health. The top two areas that respondents identified as in need of development were “balanced return on investment” and “ethics.” This publication discusses these and other conditions with references to current literature.
BackgroundTackling challenges related to health, environmental sustainability and equity requires many sectors to work together. This “intersectoral co-operation” can pose a challenge on its own. Research commonly focuses on one field or is conducted within one region or country. The aim of this study was to investigate facilitators and barriers regarding intersectoral co-operative behaviour as experienced in twelve distinct case studies in ten European countries. The COM-B behavioural system was applied to investigate which capabilities, opportunities and motivational elements appear necessary for co-operative behaviour.MethodTwelve focus groups were conducted between October 2018 and March 2019, with a total of 76 participants (policymakers, case study coordinators, governmental institutes and/or non-governmental organisations representing citizens or citizens). Focus groups were organised locally and held in the native language using a common protocol and handbook. One central organisation coordinated the focus groups and analysed the results. Translated data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis, applying previous intersectoral co-operation frameworks and the COM-B behavioural system.ResultsAmongst the main facilitators experienced were having highly motivated partners who find common goals and see mutual benefits, with good personal relationships and trust (Motivation). In addition, having supportive environments that provide opportunities to co-operate in terms of support and resources facilitated co-operation (Opportunity), along with motivated co-operation partners who have long-term visions, create good external visibility and who have clear agreements and clarity on roles from early on (Capability). Barriers included not having necessary and/or structural resources or enough time, and negative attitudes from specific stakeholders.ConclusionsThis study on facilitators and barriers to intersectoral co-operation in ten European countries confirms findings of earlier studies. This study also demonstrates that the COM-B model can serve as a relatively simple tool to understand co-operative behaviour in terms of the capability, opportunity and motivation required amongst co-operation partners from different sectors. Results can support co-operators’ and policymakers’ understanding of necessary elements of intersectoral co-operation. It can help them in developing more successful intersectoral co-operation when dealing with challenges of health, environmental sustainability and equity.
Het kabinet heeft 25 missies geformuleerd om maatschappelijke uitdagingen aan te pakken. Ambitieuze missies die ondernemers en onderzoekers uitdagen tot baanbrekende oplossingen en die bijdragen aan de gezondheid en zorg voor mensen. Om burgers langer in goede gezondheid te laten meedoen zijn systeemveranderingen noodzakelijk. Zorg moet zoveel als mogelijk worden voorkomen, worden georganiseerd in de eigen leefomgeving van mensen alsook worden vernieuwd. De missie Gezondheid en Zorg opent deuren voor nieuwe start-ups, zorgorganisaties, het maatschappelijke middenveld en burgers. Het realiseren van de missies vraagt om samenwerking buiten de gebaande paden dat bijdraagt aan het voorkomen, verplaatsen en vervangen van zorg. In Deventer werken de Hogescholen Saxion en HAN, wijkbewoners, zorggroep Solis, welzijnsorganisaties SV Helios/Wijk voor Elkaar (WvE), De Klerk GO/Verbindingscentrum de 5Hoek (5Hoek) met elkaar samen om intra- en extramurale zorg te de-implementeren. Zij bundelen de krachten om wijkbewoners met een lage SES te ondersteunen door verschillende e-health applicaties succesvol te gebruiken en hen daardoor meer te laten participeren en hun zelfregie te verhogen voor een gezonder en betekenisvoller leven. De ambitie is e-health te koppelen aan een wijkplatform dat matching mogelijk maakt tussen ondersteuningsbehoefte van wijkbewoners en aanbod van preventie, van professionele organisaties en informele aanbieders, in de wijk. Het samenwerkingsverband ontwikkelt daarbij een nieuw businessmodel dat voor alle consortiumpartners en de wijkbewoners leidt tot win-win, voor een preventieaanbod dat volgend is aan de behoeften, vragen en mogelijkheden van wijkbewoners met een lage SES en met een ondersteuningsbehoefte. Dit vindt plaats in een learning community, gebaseerd op wederkerigheid en samen leren in een dynamisch proces waarvan de opbrengsten telkens doorwerken naar het beroepsonderwijs, de beroepspraktijk en de state-of-the-art van de onderzoekspraktijk.
