SIA developed alongside EIA in the early 1970s as a mechanism to consider the social impacts of planned interventions. The early understanding tended to limit the practical application of SIA to the project level, usually within the context of regulatory frameworks, and primarily considered only the direct negative impacts. However, like other types of impact assessment, SIA has evolved over time and has diverged considerably from EIA.
MULTIFILE
![Health in SIA [social impact assessment]](https://publinova-harvester-content-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/thumbnails/files/previews/pdf/20250619195352125062.19174651005859.Health_in_Impact_Assessments_final_versio-thumbnail-400x300.png)
Het team van het Healthy Urban Living Lab heeft samen met veel studenten van de Hogeschool van Amsterdam een Health Impact Assessment (HIA) uitgevoerd op de plannen voor het Bajes Kwartier. Dat is een groene, gezonde, duurzameAmsterdamse stadswijk die wordt gebouwd op het terrein van de voormalige Bijlmerbajes, gelegen in Stadsdeel Oost nabij de Amstel. In deze nieuwe wijk komen ongeveer 1.350 koop- en huurwoningen, variërend van betaalbarestarterswoningen tot exclusieve huizen en zorgwoningen. De focus van de HIA lag op drie aspecten die an groot belang zijn voor de gezondheid van inwoners van Amsterdam: bewegen, gezonde voeding en ontmoeten. Daarmeesluit de HIA aan bij de grootste uitdagingen voor de gezondheid van de Amsterdammers, overgewicht en eenzaamheid. Een HIA is een kritische en systematische beschouwing van een project, met als doel de kansen voor gezondheid en onbedoelde aspecten (zoals gezondheidsrisico’s) in kaart te brengen. Om te onderzoeken hoe de ambitie ‘alle bewoners leven hier twee jaar langer en gezonder kan worden gerealiseerd, is het Behaviour Change Wheel van Susan Michie (2011) gebruikt als theoretisch kader. Dit wetenschappelijkonderbouwde gedragsveranderingsmodel wordt ingezet voor het systematisch ontwerpen en evalueren van interventies en voor beleid dat is gericht op gedragsverandering. Het wordt veelal toegepast in de gezondheidsbevordering. Daarbij spelen drie elementen de hoofdrol: Capabilities (fysieke en psychologische vaardigheden), Opportunities (aspecten in de fysieke of sociale leefomgeving) en Motivation (bewuste en onbewuste processen die tot gedrag leiden). Naast een scan van het masterplan voor het Bajes Kwartier – vanuit het oogpunt van gezondheid – is een doelgroepanalyse gemaakt door middelvan een vragenlijst die werd verspreid onder belangstellenden c.q. toekomstige bewoners, een groepsbijeenkomst en doelgroepenonderzoek door studenten. Er is ook een wetenschappelijke literatuurstudie verricht. Vanuit de volksgezondheid kent de gezonde leefomgeving een afwisseling van bebouwing met groen, aantrekkelijke, uitdagende en gevarieerde openbare ruimten die uitnodigen tot bewegen, spelen en sport, gezond eten, het ontmoeten vanbuurtgenoten, een breed voorzieningenaanbod (waaronder ook een openbare toiletten en een maximale bereikbaarheid en verkeersveiligheid met de fiets en het openbaar vervoer). Daarnaast is in de leefomgeving sociale steun en socialeveiligheid nodig. Het beschikbaar maken van een leefomgeving die deze elementen bevat, is op zich niet voldoende. Er zijn ook activiteiten en netwerkennodig die bevorderen dat deze wijkinfrastructuur daadwerkelijk wordt benut. Zowel uit de literatuur als uit het doelgroepenonderzoek kwam dit naar voren als een belangrijke sleutel tot het creëren van gezondheidswinst. De conclusies die volgen uit de resultaten van de HIA, resulteren in vijf basisaanbevelingen.1) Focus op de diverse groepen. Iedere bewoner heeft recht op een gezonde omgeving. De gezondheidswinst die te behalen valt is het grootst onder kwetsbare groepen zoals bewoners met een lage sociaal economische status, ouderen en kinderen. 2) Gezond gedrag vereist participatie van bewoners waarbij alle doelgroepen vertegenwoordigd zijn. 3) Verbind de hardware met de software, maak een koppeling tussen de inrichting van de fysieke en de sociale omgeving 4) Zet alle vormen en varianten van nudging in, het helpt bewoners een gezonde leefstijl aan te nemen. 5) Hanteer een integrale aanpak waarbij deverschillende verantwoordelijke stakeholders zoals ontwerpers, planologen, burgers, kennisinstellingen, private partijen (zoals startups), gemeentes, GGD’en, zorgverzekeraars en zorgverleners vanaf het begin in eenruimtelijk planproces samenwerken
LINK
Stakeholder engagement in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Health Impact Assessment (HIA) provides opportunities for inclusive environmental decision-making contributing to the attainment of agreement about the potential environmental and health impacts of a plan. A case evaluation of stakeholder engagement was carried out to assess its effect in terms of consensus-building. The case consisted in two health impact scoping workshops engaging 20 stakeholders: policy-makers, experts and residents. A Participatory Action Research approach was adopted. Methods included observation, semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. Analysis methods consisted of several coding rounds, in-depth reading and discussion of Atlas.ti output reports, as well as studying questionnaire results. Participants reported a broadening of perspectives on health in relation to the environment and attainment of shared perspectives. Still, meaningful differences remained, indicating that joint learning experiences, trust and mutual respect created a ‘sense of consensus’ rather than a joint view on the issues at stake. To avoid disappointment and conflict in later project development, explicit acknowledgment and acceptance of disagreements should be included as a ground rule in future stakeholder engagement processes.
DOCUMENT
This chapter discusses the development of health impact assessment (HIA) in The Netherlands. HIA in The Netherlands began in the early 1990s and developed along two different lines: one shaped by the public health approach and the other stemming from the environmental field. Public health-based HIA evolved according to the paradigm presented by the Lalonde model of health. The HIAs mainly concerned national policies and addressed a variety of policy fields, ranging from tobacco discouragement and health insurance policy to national housing policy and the high-speed rail link. The environmental-based HIA focused on preventing environmentally related health risks and did not consider health in a broader sense. There is no legal obligation for environmental impact assessments to consider health impacts outside an environmental scope. If a first screening of the planned activity points to large health impacts or many concerns about potential health effects, a more detailed quantitative health impact assessment should be carried out.
DOCUMENT
Introduction: Learning is essential for sustainable employability. However, various factors make work-related learning more difficult for certain groups of workers, who are consequently at a disadvantage in the labour market. In the long term, that in turn can have adverse health implications and can make those groups vulnerable. With a view to encouraging workers to continue learning, the Netherlands has a policy on work-related learning, which forms part of the 'Vitality Package'.Aim: A Health Impact Assessment with equity focus (HIAef) was undertaken to determine whether the policy on work-related learning affected certain groups of workers and their health in different ways, and whether the differences were avoidable.Methods: The HIAef method involved the standard phases: screening, scoping, appraisal and recommendations. Equity was the core principle in this method. Data were collected by means of both literature searches (e.g., Scopus, Medline) and interviews with experts and stakeholders (e.g., expertise regarding work, training and/or health).Results: The HIAef identified the following groups as potentially vulnerable in the field of work-related learning: the chronically sick, older people, less educated people, flexi-workers/the self-employed and lay carers (e.g., thresholds to learning). Published literature indicates that work-related learning may have a positive influence on health through (work-related) factors such as pay, employability, longer employment rate and training-participation. According to experts and stakeholders, work-related learning policy could be adapted to take more account of vulnerable groups through alignment with their particular needs, such as early support, informal learning and e-learning.Conclusion: With a view to reducing avoidable inequalities in work-related learning, it is recommended that early, low-threshold, accessible opportunities are made available to identified vulnerable groups. Making such opportunities available may have a positive effect on (continued) participation in the labour market and thus on the health of the relevant groups.
DOCUMENT
Currently, the engagement of local communities in Health Impact Assessment is becoming more and more important. A scoping review was performed to take stock of visions, methods and experiences in this field.A combined Scopus and Medline search yielded 100 articles in scientific journals. The final selection consisted of 43 papers, including case studies, evaluation studies, reviews, and opinion papers. After analysis, consultation of four experts was performed to check preliminary study outcomes. A grey literature web search was performed to check and complement the results.Results show that community participation is generally considered a core element in HIA. Views as expressed in the papers concern, firstly, the need for and value of local knowledge, secondly, the adherence to or application of democratic values and, thirdly, empowerment of communities. Three categories of methods are used in relation to community participation, often in combination: methods to facilitate knowledge elicitation, to ensure the inclusion of communities in the HIA process, and to build community capacity to participate in policy development. However, the theoretical or practical underpinning of the choice for specific methods is mostly not presented. The experiences described in the papers mainly focus on the access to local knowledge and its usability as a source of evidence in the HIA process. Described effects of community participation are (improved) relations between communities and local agencies, policy makers and professionals and the empowerment of community members. Although these effects are ascribed to community participation, many papers do not provide support for this conclusion beyond the retrospective perception of participants. Expert consultation and additional analysis of the grey literature supported the results derived from the scientific literature and provided more in-depth knowledge. In the grey literature theoretical frameworks, methods and tools for community participation in HIA were more extensively reported as compared to the scientific literature.We conclude that the visions, methods and experiences concerning community participation show that a participative approach may contribute to better, context specific knowledge. It appears that participative HIA has health promotion potential as it helps develop responsive policies.To accomplish this, HIA should, firstly, be better embedded in broader health promotion programmes. Secondly, the methods and approaches for community participation applied in HIA should be theory-informed and well described. The grey literature offers entry points. Finally, more robust and systematic evaluation and research is needed to assess the impact of HIAs on communities and policies.
MULTIFILE
Formative assessment (FA) is an effective educational approach for optimising student learning and is considered as a promising avenue for assessment within physical education (PE). Nevertheless, implementing FA is a complex and demanding task for in-service PE teachers who often lack formal training on this topic. To better support PE teachers in implementing FA into their practice, we need better insight into teachers’ experiences while designing and implementing formative strategies. However, knowledge on this topic is limited, especially within PE. Therefore, this study examined the experiences of 15 PE teachers who participated in an 18-month professional development programme. Teachers designed and implemented various formative activities within their PE lessons, while experiences were investigated through logbook entries and focus groups. Findings indicated various positive experiences, such as increased transparency in learning outcomes and success criteria for students as well as increased student involvement, but also revealed complexities, such as shifting teacher roles and insufficient feedback literacy among students. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the importance of a sustained, collaborative, and supported approach to implementing FA.
DOCUMENT
From the publisher's website: Large groups in society, in particular people with low literacy, lack the necessary proactivity and problem-solving skills to be self-reliant. One omnipresent problem area where these skills are relevant regards filling in forms and questionnaires. These problems could be potentially alleviated by taking advantage of the possibilities of information and communication technology (ICT), for example by offering alternatives to text, interactive self-explaining scales and easily accessible background information on the questionnaires’ rationale. The goal of this paper was to present explorative design guidelines for developing interactive questionnaires for low-literate persons. The guidelines have been derived during a user-centered design process of the Dutch Talking Touch Screen Questionnaire (DTTSQ), an interactive health assessment questionnaire used in physical therapy. The DTTSQ was developed to support patients with low health literacy, meaning they have problems with seeking, understanding and using health information. A decent number of guidelines have been derived and presented according to an existing, comprehensive model. Also, lessons learned were derived from including low-literate persons in the user-centered design process. The guidelines should be made available to ICT developers and, when applied properly, will contribute to the advancement of (health) literacy and empower citizens to fully participate in society
LINK
This three day module focuses on the role of strategic environmental assessment in relation to integrating health issues. During the module participants will be introduced to SEA concepts and process dynamics, as well as to health issues when considered from a strategic perspective. Participants will obtain a full understanding of SEA as a process and instrument by means of a policy case study which illustrates the need to look at health concerns in a strategic context.Mini-lectures will be supported by hands-on practical exercises and feed-back on exercises conducted. The cases used in these exercises focus on strategic energy policies. Participants are expected to actively participate in the module work and a final presentation of the groups’ work can be held during the last hour of the module.
MULTIFILE
