One of the goals of this research is to arrive at an implementation of a CAN-bus that can be used for lab exercises in regular student courses. In this paper, an overview is given of our basic ideas concerning the CAN concept and its application to the control of a manufacturing system. This system consists of two robots, a milling machine and some transportation means. In this system, every workstation will have its own CAN controller. The concept consists of a specially designed hardware structure, embedded software for the protocol and initialisation and a high level production environment, that makes it possible to configure a production system in an easy way.
When using autonomous reconfigurable manufacturing system, that offers generic services, there is the possibility to dynamically manufacture a range of products using the same manufacturing equipment. Opportunities are created to optimally scale the production using reconfiguration means and automatically manufacture small amounts of unique or highly customizable products. Basically the result is a short time to market for new products. This paper discusses the problems that arise when manufacturing systems are reconfigured and the impact of this action on the entire system. The proposed software architecture and tooling makes it possible to quickly reconfigure a system without interference to other system, and shows how the reconfigured hardware can be controlled without the need to reprogram the software. Parameters that are required to control the new hardware can be added using a simple tool. As a result reconfiguration is simplified and can be achieved quickly by mechanics without reprogramming any systems. The impact is that time to market can be reduced and manufacturing systems can quickly be adapted to current real-time needs.
Standard mass-production is a well-known manufacturing concept. To make small quantities or even single items of a product according to user specifications at an affordable price, alternative agile production paradigms should be investigated and developed. The system presented in this article is based on a grid of cheap reconfigurable production units, called equiplets. A grid of these equiplets is capable to produce a variety of different products in parallel at an affordable price. The underlying agent-based software for this system is responsible for the agile manufacturing. An important aspect of this type of manufacturing is the transport of the products along the available equiplets. This transport of the products from equiplet to equiplet is quite different from standard production. Every product can have its own unique path along the equiplets. In this article several topologies are discussed and investigated. Also, the planning and scheduling in relation to the transport constraints is subject of this study. Some possibilities of realization are discussed and simulations are used to generate results with the focus on efficiency and usability for different topologies and layouts of the grid and its internal transport system. Closely related with this problem is the scheduling of the production in the grid. A discussion about the maximum achievable load on the production grid and its relation with the transport system is also included.
Hout is een veelgebruikt duurzaam (bouw)materiaal met belangrijke ecologische voordelen: Het is hernieuwbaar en fungeert als CO2-opslag. Een nadeel van hout is echter dat het alleen met verspanende technieken (draaien, frezen, zagen) verwerkt kan worden, hetgeen veel houtafval veroorzaakt. Daarbij wordt het afval en hout dat ongeschikt is als constructiemateriaal slechts ingezet in laagwaardige toepassingen of verbrand. Afgezien van het gebruik van houtvezels als filler materiaal bij 3D-printen van kunststoffen, wordt 3D-printen van hout(afval) nog niet toegepast, hoewel dit wel mogelijk is: Alle plantaardige materialen bevatten natuurlijke polymeren, lignine en cellulose, welke voor mechanische eigenschappen zorgen. Door deze polymeren uit plantaardige materialen te scheiden kunnen deze, met behulp van enkele additieven, in een thermoplastisch verwerkbaar materiaal worden omgezet dat extrudeerbaar is. Door de locatie van de extruder te manipuleren en hier laagsgewijs een object mee te maken ontstaat een additive manufacturing (AM) proces: een 3D ‘hout’printer! Naast materiaalefficiëntie biedt AM unieke voordelen, namelijk grote vormvrijheid en de mogelijkheid van seriematige enkelstuksproductie. Indien gecombineerd met de ontwerptechnieken parametrisch en topologische ontwerpen zijn vergaande optimalisaties van materiaalgebruik en productvariaties mogelijk. Met AM ontstaat zodoende een enorm nieuw spectrum van hoogwaardige toepassingsmogelijkheden voor hout(afval). In dit projectvoorstel wordt via de driehoek van ‘materiaal – proces – toepassing’ simultaan onderzoek gedaan naar: (1) Geschikte combinaties (blends) van cellulose en lignine om mee te kunnen extruderen; (2) Het ontwikkelen van een 3D-printproces en setup voor het verwerken van deze materiaal-combinaties; (3) Het identificeren van geschikte toepassingen. Geschikte toepassingen worden beïnvloed door materiaaleigenschappen en het printproces. Beide aspecten hebben ook onderlinge wisselwerking. Daarom wordt binnen casestudies van mogelijke toepassingen de onderlinge invloed integraal onderzocht. De doelstelling is daarbij om een werkende 3D ‘hout’printer met een werkend receptuur te ontwikkelen en de haalbaarheid van innovatieve, duurzame en voor de markt relevante toepassingen aan te tonen middels cases.
Currently, many novel innovative materials and manufacturing methods are developed in order to help businesses for improving their performance, developing new products, and also implement more sustainability into their current processes. For this purpose, additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been very successful in the fabrication of complex shape products, that cannot be manufactured by conventional approaches, and also using novel high-performance materials with more sustainable aspects. The application of bioplastics and biopolymers is growing fast in the 3D printing industry. Since they are good alternatives to petrochemical products that have negative impacts on environments, therefore, many research studies have been exploring and developing new biopolymers and 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of fully biobased products. In particular, 3D printing of smart biopolymers has attracted much attention due to the specific functionalities of the fabricated products. They have a unique ability to recover their original shape from a significant plastic deformation when a particular stimulus, like temperature, is applied. Therefore, the application of smart biopolymers in the 3D printing process gives an additional dimension (time) to this technology, called four-dimensional (4D) printing, and it highlights the promise for further development of 4D printing in the design and fabrication of smart structures and products. This performance in combination with specific complex designs, such as sandwich structures, allows the production of for example impact-resistant, stress-absorber panels, lightweight products for sporting goods, automotive, or many other applications. In this study, an experimental approach will be applied to fabricate a suitable biopolymer with a shape memory behavior and also investigate the impact of design and operational parameters on the functionality of 4D printed sandwich structures, especially, stress absorption rate and shape recovery behavior.
Nowadays, there is particular attention towards the additive manufacturing of medical devices and instruments. This is because of the unique capability of 3D printing technologies for designing and fabricating complex products like bone implants that can be highly customized for individual patients. NiTi shape memory alloys have gained significant attention in various medical applications due to their exceptional superelastic and shape memory properties, allowing them to recover their original shape after deformation. The integration of additive manufacturing technology has revolutionized the design possibilities for NiTi alloys, enabling the fabrication of intricately designed medical devices with precise geometries and tailored functionalities. The AM-SMART project is focused on exploring the suitability of NiTi architected structures for bone implants fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. This is because of the lower stiffness of NiTi alloys compared to Ti alloys, closely aligning with the stiffness of bone. Additionally, their unique functional performance enables them to dissipate energy and recover the original shape, presenting another advantage that makes them well-suited for bone implants. In this investigation, various NiTi-based architected structures will be developed, featuring diverse cellular designs, and their long-term thermo-mechanical performance will be thoroughly evaluated. The findings of this study underscore the significant potential of these structures for application as bone implants, showcasing their adaptability for use also beyond the medical sector.
