Active antifungal packaging is a technological solution for reducing the postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables associated with phytopathogens. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is the principal fungus that causes post-harvest avocado fruit decay. In this study, antifungal sachets filled with oregano oil-starch capsules were prepared, and their active effects were demonstrated on Hass avocado fruits. Oregano oil (31 % of carvacrol) was encapsulated with corn starch by spray drying. Tyvek sachets (4 × 4 cm) filled with 80 (T1) and 160 mg (T2) of oregano oil-starch capsules (99.35 ± 1.86 mg g − 1) were fabricated. The antifungal effects of the sachets were tested in vitro and in vivo using a humidity chamber (90–95 % relative humidity (RH)) on fruits inoculated with anthracnose. The results showed that T1 and T2 inhibited 75.21 ± 2.81 and 100 % in vitro growth of anthracnose at 25 °C for 12 days. Furthermore, Hass avocado fruits stored in a humidity chamber at 25 °C for 6 days showed that only T2 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the area of lesion produced by artificial inoculation of Hass avocado fruits with anthracnose. On average, the lesion area in the Hass avocado fruits treated with T2 was 13.94 % smaller than that in the control fruit.
MULTIFILE
The aim of the present work was to control phytopathogens associated to mango decay by exposure to antifungal thyme oil-starch/agave fructans microcapsules in Nylon sachets. Fusarium pseudocircinatum, Alternaria alternata, Neofusicocum kwambonambiense, Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were isolated from mango fruits and its mycelial growth was 100% inhibited with 5 μL of thyme oil. Thyme oil was microencapsulated with modified starch/agave fructans by spray drying. Thymol content, size, and shape of microcapsules were evaluated. Antifungal sachets were prepared by filling Nylon bags (4 × 4 cm) with different doses of thyme oil microcapsules: 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 g. The mycelial growth of all microorganisms was controlled with 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 g of antifungal sachets. The incidence (75 and 65%) and severity (77 and 41%) of C. gloeosporioides were effectively reduced in mango, respectively, using 0.10 and 0.20 g of antifungal sachets.
DOCUMENT
Onder scheikundedocenten, chemiedidactici en lerarenopleiders is consensus over de centrale rol die het micro/macro concept zou moeten spelen in een nieuw te ontwerpen scheikundeprogramma voor havo en vwo. Bovendien kan worden geconcludeerd dat naast aandacht voor de plaats van het heen-en-weer denken in het te ontwikkelen lesmateriaal ook de wijze waarop scheikundedocenten in hun lessen dienen om te gaan met dit begrip belangrijk geacht wordt. Om ons een beeld te kunnen vormen van de didactische aspecten van het heen-en-weer denken is het van belang beter zicht te krijgen op de inzichten van scheikundedocenten in het gebruik van micro- en macro-scheikunde.
DOCUMENT
Biotherapeutic medicines such as peptides, recombinant proteins, and monoclonal antibodies have successfully entered the market for treating or providing protection against chronic and life-threatening diseases. The number of relevant commercial products is rapidly increasing. Due to degradation in the gastro-intestinal tract, protein-based drugs cannot be taken orally but need to be administered via alternative routes. The parenteral injection is still the most widely applied administration route but therapy compliance of injection-based pharmacotherapies is a concern. Long-acting injectable (LAI) sustained release dosage forms such as microparticles allow less frequent injection to maintain plasma levels within their therapeutic window. Spider Silk Protein and Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) have been attractive candidates to fabricate devices for drug delivery applications. However, conventional microencapsulation processes to manufacture microparticles encounter drawbacks such as protein activity loss, unacceptable residual organic solvents, complex processing, and difficult scale-up. Supercritical fluids (SCF), such as supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), have been used to produce protein-loaded microparticles and is advantageous over conventional methods regarding adjustable fluid properties, mild operating conditions, interfacial tensionless, cheap, non-toxicity, easy downstream processing and environment-friendly. Supercritical microfluidics (SCMF) depict the idea to combine strengths of process scale reduction with unique properties of SCF. Concerning the development of long-acting microparticles for biological therapeutics, SCMF processing offers several benefits over conventionally larger-scale systems such as enhanced control on fluid flow and other critical processing parameters such as pressure and temperature, easy modulation of product properties (such as particle size, morphology, and composition), cheaper equipment build-up, and convenient parallelization for high-throughput production. The objective of this project is to develop a mild microfluidic scCO2 based process for the production of long-acting injectable protein-loaded microparticles with, for example, Spider Silk Protein or PLGA as the encapsulating materials, and to evaluate the techno-economic potential of such SCMF technology for practical & industrial production.
Biotherapeutic medicines such as peptides, recombinant proteins, and monoclonal antibodies have successfully entered the market for treating or providing protection against chronic and life-threatening diseases. The number of relevant commercial products is rapidly increasing. Due to degradation in the gastro-intestinal tract, protein-based drugs cannot be taken orally but need to be administered via alternative routes. The parenteral injection is still the most widely applied administration route but therapy compliance of injection-based pharmacotherapies is a concern. Long-acting injectable (LAI) sustained release dosage forms such as microparticles allow less frequent injection to maintain plasma levels within their therapeutic window. Spider Silk Protein and Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) have been attractive candidates to fabricate devices for drug delivery applications. However, conventional microencapsulation processes to manufacture microparticles encounter drawbacks such as protein activity loss, unacceptable residual organic solvents, complex processing, and difficult scale-up. Supercritical fluids (SCF), such as supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), have been used to produce protein-loaded microparticles and is advantageous over conventional methods regarding adjustable fluid properties, mild operating conditions, interfacial tensionless, cheap, non-toxicity, easy downstream processing and environment-friendly. Supercritical microfluidics (SCMF) depict the idea to combine strengths of process scale reduction with unique properties of SCF. Concerning the development of long-acting microparticles for biological therapeutics, SCMF processing offers several benefits over conventionally larger-scale systems such as enhanced control on fluid flow and other critical processing parameters such as pressure and temperature, easy modulation of product properties (such as particle size, morphology, and composition), cheaper equipment build-up, and convenient parallelization for high-throughput production. The objective of this project is to develop a mild microfluidic scCO2 based process for the production of long-acting injectable protein-loaded microparticles with, for example, Spider Silk Protein or PLGA as the encapsulating materials, and to evaluate the techno-economic potential of such SCMF technology for practical & industrial production.
