During an interview at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service one student questioned Prime Minister Rutte about an official apology for slavery. The Dutch Prime Minister assured that each island-nation to whom the Kingdom apologized “has full power to decide to leave the Kingdom. They are not colonized. They are independent.” Rutte described the current role of The Netherlands as that of a “gateway” to bring their products to Europe. The emphasis on trade relationship smacks of neo-colonial interests. Rutte’s portrayal of The Netherlands acting as the “in” to the European market for the former colonies is far from the recovery that one would expect for the descendants of the enslaved. In fact, the Slavery Past Dialogue made a number of recommendations to the Dutch Kingdom, including “active prevention of discrimination and institutional racism throughout society” and “the establishment of a Kingdom Fund […] for structural and sustainable financing of recovery measures.” The Dutch Prime Minister’s comments belie a singular focus on trade with the Caribbean nations rather than a holistic approach, looking at non-pecuniary interests involving the well-being of the descendants and the societies in which they live today. The “republicanization” serves as a backdrop to the years-long journey during which the Dutch government (and the Dutch crown) seemingly dragged their feet, refusing to issue a formal apology for the trade of Africans by the Dutch West Indies corporation. That much-solicited apology was finally issued in December 2022, despite warnings that any gesture that excluded reparations would not be favorably received by the Dutch Caribbean nations.
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The relationship between race and biology is complex. In contemporary medical science, race is a social construct that is measured via self-identification of study participants. But even though race has no biological essence, it is often used as variable in medical guidelines (e.g., treatment recommendations specific for Black people with hypertension). Such recommendations are based on clinical trials in which there was a significant correlation between self-identified race and actual, but often unmeasured, health-related factors such as (pharmaco) genetics, diet, sun exposure, etc. Many teachers are insufficiently aware of this complexity. In their classes, they (unintentionally) portray self-reported race as having a biological essence. This may cause students to see people of shared race as biologically or genetically homogeneous, and believe that race-based recommendations are true for all individuals (rather than reflecting the average of a heterogeneous group). This medicalizes race and reinforces already existing healthcare disparities. Moreover, students may fail to learn that the relation between race and health is easily biased by factors such as socioeconomic status, racism, ancestry, and environment and that this limits the generalizability of race-based recommendations. We observed that the clinical case vignettes that we use in our teaching contain many stereotypes and biases, and do not generally reflect the diversity of actual patients. This guide, written by clinical pharmacology and therapeutics teachers, aims to help our colleagues and teachers in other health professions to reflect on and improve our teaching on race-based medical guidelines and to make our clinical case vignettes more inclusive and diverse.
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A research theme examining diversity and inclusion in video games, using an intersectional perspective and typically addressing issues related to the representation of gender, race, and LGBTQ+ people, but also touching broader topics such as class, age, geographic privilege, physical and neurodiversity, the (unevenly distributed) impacts of the climate crisis, and other aspects of identity.
Bij erfgoed horen emoties. Maar wanneer deze emoties schadelijk blijken te zijn en voor (meer) polarisatie in de samenleving zorgen, wordt het tijd om te kijken of in de omgang met erfgoed veranderingen aangebracht kunnen worden. Hierin kan de erfgoedprofessional een rol spelen. Het onderzoek ‘Precaire spanning’ kijkt naar de herdenkingspraktijken van de Shoah en van het slavernijverleden. Die praktijken tonen en creëren spanning. Deze spanning komt naar voren en wordt gecreëerd op verschillende plekken en op verschillende momenten, gerelateerd aan de herdenkingen, zoals in discussies over excuses of restituties en bij tentoonstellingen en educatieve programma’s. In het project wordt onderzocht hoe de erfgoedprofessional de componenten kan herkennen en wegnemen die in de bredere herdenkingscontext bijdragen aan de spanning tussen herdenkers van de Shoah en van het slavernijverleden. Het onderzoek bestaat uit interviews en expertmeetings met stakeholders zoals herdenkers, beleidsmedewerkers, kunstenaars en erfgoedprofessionals, en uit observaties van woordkeuzes, kunstuitingen en rituelen die de herdenkingspraktijken mee vormgeven. Aan de basis van het onderzoek ligt het idee dat de spanning voortkomt uit een gevoel van ongelijkwaardigheid in de strijd om een plek in het Nederlands herdenkingslandschap. Dit is niet los te zien van het ontbreken van herkenning en erkenning van nog bestaande trauma’s, van de aanwezigheid van antisemitisme en racisme in de samenleving, en van het bestaan van verschillende repertoires aan historische kennis. Het onderzoek beoogt een handelingskader te ontwikkelen waarmee de erfgoedprofessional kan bijdragen aan sensitievere herdenkingspraktijken, teneinde de spanning tussen herdenkers van de Shoah en van het slavernijverleden onderling weg te nemen of tenminste te verminderen. Het onderzoek valt onder het lectoraat van de Reinwardt Academie, onderdeel van de Amsterdamse Hogeschool voor de Kunsten. Hier worden de inzichten van dit onderzoek ingezet in een breder onderzoeks- en onderwijsdomein van erfgoed en kunsten.
