Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) such as blockchain have in recent years been presented as a new general-purpose technology that could underlie many aspects of social and economic life, including civics and urban governance. In an urban context, over the past few years, a number of actors have started to explore the application of distributed ledgers in amongst others smart city services as well as in blockchain for good and urban commons-projects. DLTs could become the administrative backbones of such projects, as the technology can be set-up as an administration, management and allocation tool for urban resources. With the addition of smart contracts, DLTs can further automate the processing of data and execution of decisions in urban resource management through algorithmic governance. This means that the technological set-up and design of such DLT based systems could have large implications for the ways urban resources are governed. Positive contributions are expected to be made toward (local) democracy, transparent governance, decentralization, and citizen empowerment. We argue that to fully scrutinize the implications for urban governance, a critical analysis of distributed ledger technologies is necessary. In this contribution, we explore the lens of “the city as a license” for such a critical analysis. Through this lens, the city is framed as a “rights-management-system,” operated through DLT technology. Building upon Lefebvrian a right to the city-discourses, such an approach allows to ask important questions about the implications of DLTs for the democratic governance of cities in an open, inclusive urban culture. Through a technological exploration combined with a speculative approach, and guided by our interest in the rights management and agency that blockchains have been claimed to provide to their users, we trace six important issues: quantification; blockchain as a normative apparatus; the complicated relationship between transparency and accountability; the centralizing forces that act on blockchains; the degrees to which algorithmic rules can embed democratic law-making and enforcing; and finally, the limits of blockchain's trustlessness.
MULTIFILE
Building on Richard Sennett's recent work this books tries to clarify the ethical significance of craftsmanship. According to Sennett, 'learning to work well' is a deep source of personal meaning and of fruitful cooperation. Moreover provides the foundation of citizenship. Learning to master a craft is learning to be curious and patient, to focus on relationships and learn the skills of anticipation and revision, in a continual dialogue with material that resists 'quick fixes' and turns the craftsman 'outward'. In the contemporary search for practically relevant perspectives that point beyond the moral poverty of a market driven society, 'the ethics of craftsmanship' thus offers an intriguing and fruitful perspective, worth of in depth exploration.
The debate on tourism in cities, both academically and in practice, has for a long time taken place in relative isolation from urban studies. Tourism is mostly addressed as an external agent and economic force that puts pressure on cities rather than as an interdependent part of city systems. The recent debate on city touristification and excessive dependence on the visitor economy, as well as the associated processes of exclusion, and displacement of local city users, serves to highlight how tourism is an integral part of urban developments. A wider urban perspective is needed to understand the processes underlying the tourism phenomena and more transdisciplinary perspectives are required to analyze the urban (tourism) practices. The current article seeks to contribute to such a perspective through a discussion of the literature on urban and tourism studies, and related fields such as gentrification, mobilities, and touristification. Based on this, theoretical reflections are provided regarding a more integral perspective to tourism and urban development in order to engage with a transversal urban tourism research agenda.
MULTIFILE
Hoe kan kunst vanuit de leeromgeving ingezet een veel grotere impact en werking hebben op professionalisering. Dat is de vraag die De Baak Hospitality stelt. Doel van De Baak Hospitality is een passende (leer-)omgeving te creëren als voorwaarde voor het leren door de deelnemers die op haar locaties verblijven. Deze vraag past in de onderzoekslijn van HKU lectoraat Kunst en Professionalisering, waarbij het uitgangspunt is dat de autonome zeggingskracht van kunst wordt benut. We maken bij de Baak leer- en experimenteeromgevingen, waar we leren en doen wat Macintyre (door narrativiteit ontstaan gezamenlijke waarden), Gadamer, (spelen en opvoeren maakt de beleving) en Sennett (de ambachtelijkheid en lichamelijkheid die aanwezig is in de opvoering) aanreiken. Dit doen we in drie concepten in de kunst: expositie, voorstelling en werkplaats. Het resultaat van dit onderzoek zijn drie scenario’s van deze drie concepten met een set herhaalbare aanwijzingen hoe kunst als interventie bij kan dragen aan onderwijs en opleiden. Bij dit onderzoek wordt ROC Midden Nederland betrokken. Zij heeft als focus de krachtige leeromgeving, waarin docenten gevraagd wordt op nieuwe wijze te onderwijzen. Zij denken kritisch mee met de overdraagbaarheid van de scenario’s naar het onderwijs.