Objectives Most complex healthcare interventions target a network of healthcare professionals. Social network analysis (SNA) is a powerful technique to study how social relationships within a network are established and evolve. We identified in which phases of complex healthcare intervention research SNA is used and the value of SNA for developing and evaluating complex healthcare interventions. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework. We included complex healthcare intervention studies using SNA to identify the study characteristics,level of complexity of the healthcare interventions, reported strengths and limitations, and reported implications of SNA. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews 2018 was used to guide the reporting. Results Among 2466 identified studies, 40 studies were selected for analysis. At first, the results showed that SNA seems underused in evaluating complex intervention research. Second, SNA was not used in the development phase of the included studies. Third, the reported implications in the evaluation and implementation phase reflect the value of SNA in addressing the implementation and population complexity. Fourth, pathway complexity and contextual complexity of the included interventions were unclear or unable to access. Fifth, the use of a mixed methods approach was reported as a strength, as the combination and integration of a quantitative and qualitative method clearly establishes the results. Conclusion SNA is a widely applicable method that can be used in different phases of complex intervention research. SNA can be of value to disentangle and address the level of complexity of complex healthcare interventions. Furthermore, the routine use of SNA within a mixed method approach could yield actionable insights that would be useful in the transactional context of complex interventions.
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Background: Due to multimorbidity and geriatric problems, older people often require both psychosocial and medical care. Collaboration between medical and social professionals is a prerequisite to deliver high-quality care for community-living older people. Effective, safe, and person-centered care relies on skilled interprofessional collaboration and practice. Little is known about interprofessional education to increase interprofessional collaboration in practice (IPCP) in the context of community care for older people. This study examines the feasibility of the implementation of an IPCP program in three community districts and determines its potential to increase interprofessional collaboration between primary healthcare professionals caring for older people. Method: A feasibility study was conducted to determine the acceptability and feasibility of data collection and analysis regarding interprofessional collaboration in network development. A questionnaire was used to measure the learning experience and the acquisition of knowledge and skills regarding the program. Network development was assessed by distributing a social network survey among professionals attending the program as well as professionals not attending the program at baseline and 5.5 months after. Network development was determined by calculating the number, reciprocity, value, and diversity of contacts between professionals using social network analysis. Results: The IPCP program was found to be instructive and the knowledge and skills gained were applicable in practice. Social network analysis was feasible to conduct and revealed a spill-over effect regarding network development. Program participants, as well as non-program participants, had larger, more reciprocal, and more diverse interprofessional networks than they did before the program. Conclusions: This study showed the feasibility of implementing an IPCP program in terms of acceptability, feasibility of data collection, and social network analysis to measure network development, and indicated potential to increase interprofessional collaboration between primary healthcare professionals. Both program participants and non-program participants developed a larger, more collaborative, and diverse interprofessional network.
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In most models on terrorism, interaction with other radicals is a key factor. However, systematic empirical evidence that radical ties affect behaviour is scarce. Our access to detailed police information allows us to apply Social Network Analysis (SNA) on a Dutch Salafi-Jihadi network and analyse the social relationships and network positions of 80 actors, out of whom 20 turned to terrorist acts. The results suggest that ties to leaders and terrorist offenders, co-attendance of radicalising settings and greater structural embeddedness relate to the likelihood of individual actors turning to acts of terrorism. However, we also find some individual attributes that may offer competing explanations. In this paper we discuss our findings and address how future research may provide further insights into an important issue for agencies involved in countering terrorism: which radical actors, if any, are more likely to turn to acts of terrorism?
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Industry 4.0 omvat de toenemende digitalisatie binnen bedrijven, resulterend in een inter-connectiviteit tussen mensen, objecten en systemen in real time. Dit resulteert in fundamentele veranderingen in de manier waarop mensen werken, beslissingen nemen en hun activiteiten managen. Deze nieuwe technologieën, zoals robotoplossingen beïnvloeden ook de manier waarop kennis wordt verworven, overgedragen en gebruikt en vragen om nieuwe managementpraktijken om het leren, de kennisdeling en zodoende het continu verbeteren te faciliteren (Lepore, et al., 2022). Dit onderzoek bouwt voort op bevindingen uit eerdere onderzoeken (RAAK Integraal Robotiseren). Waar eerder is gekeken naar succesfactoren voor het implementeren van de robot oplossing, wordt nu gekeken naar het continue verbeteren van de robotoplossing, met de focus op de impact van interne sociale relaties. De Social Network Analysis (SNA) zou kunnen helpen om de ontwikkeling en dynamiek van kennisdelingsrelaties tijdens robotiseringstrajecten in kaart te brengen en interventies te plannen, voor het verbeteren van dergelijke relaties. De uitkomst van dit onderzoek geeft het MKB een meetinstrument, waarmee een nulmeting kan worden gecreëerd. De nulmeting geeft inzicht hoe de inrichting van de interne kennisdelingsrelaties zijn opgebouwd. Met de interpretatie van de resultaten kan bepaald worden hoe effectief deze relaties zijn. Doelstelling van dit onderzoek is het ontwikkelen van een SNA meetinstrument waarmee inzicht gecreëerd wordt in het ontstaan van- en dynamiek binnen kennisdelingsrelaties. Met deze kennis kunnen Mkb’ers interventies uitvoeren om kritische kennis gerelateerd aan de robotoplossing bij de juiste personen te borgen.
