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Respect in the lowlands and the UK: a cultural comparison of policy and practice

Het debat over leefbaarheid wordt steeds vaker gekoppeld aan normen en waarden, aan respect. Daarmee lijkt het terrein van activiteiten waar de overheid zich mee inlaat te groeien, ondanks veelvuldige verwijzing naar eigen verantwoordelijkheid. In deze tekst wordt gekeken hoe de (lokale) overheid omgaat met de discussie over meer respect en welke sociale interventies daarbij ingezet worden. De situatie in Nederland en Vlaanderen wordt beschreven en afgezet tegenover de situatie in UK.

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Respect in the lowlands and the UK: a cultural comparison of policy and practice

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Software voor slimme systemen

Dit essay geeft een systeemvisie op het ontwikkelen van embedded software voor slimme systemen: (mobiele) robots en sensornetwerken.

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H2020 Sustenance - D6.4

Key takeaways from the project underscore the importance of fostering long-term collaborations between technical experts, communities, and institutional partners. By integrating technical innovation with human-centred design, the SUSTENANCE project has not only advanced renewable energy adoption but also established a framework for empowering communities to actively participate in sustainable energy transitions. Moving forward, the lessons learned, and solutions developed provide a solid foundation for addressing future challenges in energy system decarbonization and resilience.

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Infiltratiecapaciteit verharding verschilt in ruimte en tijd

Onderzoek in Arnhem leert dat de infiltratiecapaciteiten van doorlatende verharding en regenwatertuinen voldoende is om forse buien te verwerken maar verschillen in tijd en ruimte. Bij goed ontwerp, aanleg en beheer kunnen deze regenwatervoorzieningen een goede bijdrage leveren aan het vasthouden, bergen en afvoeren van regenwater in het stedelijk gebied.

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Cybersecurity Expert Perspectives on Data Thieves’ Actions in Digital Environments

Previous quantitative studies applying Routine Activity Theory (RAT) to cybercrime victimization produced mixed results. Through semi-structured interviews with cybersecurity experts, the current study aims to qualitatively reevaluate the applicability of RAT to cyber-dependent crime, specifically data theft from organizations. An in-depth assessment of environmental factors appearing to affect data thieves’ actions resulted in concrete operationalizations of theoretical concepts. Importantly, we highlight the distinction between target selection and strategic choices made during the attack. Furthermore, RAT appeared to be as relevant, if not more, for explaining offender actions during an attack as for the initial convergence of offenders and digital targets.

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Cybersecurity Expert Perspectives on Data Thieves’ Actions in Digital Environments

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Alerting Consciences to Reduce Cybercrime

Objectives: Aiming to reduce distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks by alerting the consciences of Internet users, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of four warning banners displayed as online ads (deterrent—control, social, informative, and reorienting) and the contents of their two linked landing pages. Methods: We implement a 4 x 2 quasi-experimental design on a self-selected sample of Internet users to measure the engagement generated by the ads and the pages. Engagement is measured on the ads as the ratio of clicks to impressions, and on the pages as percentage of page scrolled, average session duration, video interaction rate, and URLs click rate. Results: Social ads generate significantly more engagement than the rest with low to medium effect sizes. Data reveal no differences in engagement between both landing page designs. Conclusions: Social messages may be a better alternative for engaging with potential cyber offenders than the traditional deterrent messages. Correspondence: Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), De Boelelaan 1077, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Email: AMoneva@nscr.n This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Journal of Experimental Criminology. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11292-022-09504-2

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Alerting Consciences to Reduce Cybercrime

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Familial concentration of crime in a digital era

ENGLISH: A vast and growing body of research has shown that crime tends to run in families. However, previous studies focused only on traditional crimes and research on familial risk factors for cyber offending is very scarce. To address this gap in the literature, the present study examines the criminal behavior of the family members of a sample of cyber offenders prosecuted in the Netherlands. The sample consists of 979 cyber offenders prosecuted for computer trespassing between 2001 and 2018, and two matched groups of 979 traditional offenders and 979 non-offenders. Judicial information and kinship data from Dutch Statistics were used to measure criminal behavior among family members. Both traditional offenders and cyber offenders were found to be more likely to have criminal fathers, mothers, and siblings than non-offenders. Additional analyses, however, showed different patterns between cyber offenders who were only prosecuted for cyber offenses and those who also committed traditional crimes. While the former group of cyber offenders were similar to non-offenders in terms of family offending, the latter group of cyber offenders were more similar to traditional offenders. Overall, these results suggest that the traditional mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of crime can only partially explain cybercrime involvement. NEDERLANDS: Uit een groot en groeiend aantal onderzoeken blijkt dat criminaliteit vaak in families voorkomt. Eerdere studies richtten zich echter alleen op traditionele misdrijven en onderzoek naar familiaire risicofactoren voor cybercriminaliteit is zeer schaars. Om deze leemte in de literatuur op te vullen, onderzoekt deze studie het criminele gedrag van familieleden van een steekproef van cyberdelinquenten die in Nederland worden vervolgd. De steekproef bestaat uit 979 cyberdelinquenten die tussen 2001 en 2018 zijn vervolgd voor computervredebreuk, en twee gematchte groepen van 979 traditionele delinquenten en 979 niet-delinquenten. Justitiële informatie en verwantschapsgegevens van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek werden gebruikt om crimineel gedrag onder familieleden te meten. Zowel traditionele daders als cybercriminelen bleken vaker criminele vaders, moeders en broers en zussen te hebben dan niet-daders. Aanvullende analyses lieten echter verschillende patronen zien tussen cyberdelinquenten die alleen werden vervolgd voor cyberdelicten en degenen die ook traditionele delicten pleegden. Terwijl de eerste groep cyberdelinquenten vergelijkbaar was met niet-delinquenten wat betreft gezinsdelinquentie, leek de tweede groep cyberdelinquenten meer op traditionele delinquenten. In het algemeen suggereren deze resultaten dat de traditionele mechanismen van intergenerationele overdracht van criminaliteit de betrokkenheid bij cybercriminaliteit slechts gedeeltelijk kunnen verklaren.

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Familial concentration of crime in a digital era

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High tech crime, high intellectual crime?

In our highly digitalized society, cybercrime has become a common crime. However, because research into cybercriminals is in its infancy, our knowledge about cybercriminals is still limited. One of the main considerations is whether cybercriminals have higher intellectual capabilities than traditional criminals or even the general population. Although criminological studies clearly show that traditional criminals have lower intellectual capabilities, little is known about the relationship between cybercrime and intelligence. The current study adds to the literature by exploring the relationship between CITO-test scores and cybercrime in the Netherlands. The CITO final test is a standardized test for primary school students - usually taken at the age of 11 or 12 - and highly correlated with IQ-scores. Data from Statistics Netherlands were used to compare CITO-test scores of 143 apprehended cybercriminals with those of 143 apprehended traditional criminals and 143 non-criminals, matched on age, sex, and country of birth. Ordinary Least Squares regression analyses were used to compare CITO test scores between cybercriminals, traditional criminals, and non-criminals. Additionally, a discordant sibling design was used to control for unmeasured confounding by family factors. Findings reveal that cybercriminals have significantly higher CITO test scores compared to traditional criminals and significantly lower CITO test scores compared to non-criminals.

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High tech crime, high intellectual crime?

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Examining the cyclical nature of crimes: A looped crime script of data theft from organizational networks

Prior research on network attacks is predominantly technical, yet little is known about behavioral patterns of attackers inside computer systems. This study adopts a criminological perspective to examine these patterns, with a particular focus on data thieves targeting organizational networks. By conducting interviews with cybersecurity experts and applying crime script analysis, we developed a comprehensive script that describes the typical progression of attackers through organizational systems and networks in order to eventually steal data. This script integrates phases identified in previous academic literature and expert-defined phases that resemble phases from industry threat models. However, in contrast to prior cybercrime scripts and industry threat models, we did not only identify sequential phases, but also illustrate the circular nature of network attacks. This finding challenges traditional perceptions of crime as a linear process. In addition, our findings underscore the importance of considering both successful and failed attacks in cybercrime research to develop more effective cybersecurity strategies.

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Respect in the lowlands and the UK: a cultural comparison of policy and practice

Software voor slimme systemen

H2020 Sustenance - D6.4

Infiltratiecapaciteit verharding verschilt in ruimte en tijd

Cybersecurity Expert Perspectives on Data Thieves’ Actions in Digital Environments

Alerting Consciences to Reduce Cybercrime

Familial concentration of crime in a digital era

High tech crime, high intellectual crime?

Examining the cyclical nature of crimes: A looped crime script of data theft from organizational networks

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Respect in the lowlands and the UK: a cultural comparison of policy and practice

Software voor slimme systemen

H2020 Sustenance - D6.4

Infiltratiecapaciteit verharding verschilt in ruimte en tijd

Cybersecurity Expert Perspectives on Data Thieves’ Actions in Digital Environments

Alerting Consciences to Reduce Cybercrime

Familial concentration of crime in a digital era

High tech crime, high intellectual crime?

Examining the cyclical nature of crimes: A looped crime script of data theft from organizational networks