Het samenwerkingsverband van a.s.r., Kropman, Hogeschool van Amsterdam en Venema E-mobility heeft een pilot DC Nanogrid ontworpen waarin de betrouwbaarheid en veiligheid gewaarborgd zijn. Speciale aandacht tijdens dit project is besteed aan zwerfstromen, kathodische bescherming en autonome aansturing van het living lab op het a.s.r. verzekeringen parkeerdek. Een autonome systeembalans wordt gevonden door een Droop Rate Control (DrC) regeling. In het actieve DC-net heeft ieder component in het systeem een “gedragscode”: een eenvoudige regelstrategie die bepaalt wat het apparaat doet bij welke netspanning uitgaande van een nominale spanning (opwek en verbruik zijn in balans een hogere spanning (er is meer opwekvermogen aanwezig) of een lagere spanning (er is opwekvermogen te kort). Venema E-mobility heeft in dit project drie DC/DC laders ontwikkeld die zelfstandig met een drooprate control gestuurd worden. Het living-lab is getest en gekoppeld aan het bij a.s.r. aanwezige duurzame PV-opweksysteem en is onderdeel geworden van het grotere laadsysteem in het parkeerdek inclusief energiemanagement en beheeromgeving in InsiteSuite. De onderzoeks- en testresultaten zijn omgezet in conceptrichtlijnen en actief ingebracht in de Nederlandse normalisatie werkgroepen (NEN TC 64 en TC 81).
Electric vehicles have penetrated the Dutch market, which increases the potential for decreased local emissions, the use and storage of sustainable energy, and the roll-out and use of electric car-sharing business models. This development also raises new potential issues such as increased electricity demand, a lack of social acceptance, and infrastructural challenges in the built environment. Relevant stakeholders, such as policymakers and service providers, need to align their values and prioritize these aspects. Our study investigates the prioritization of 11 Dutch decision-makers in the field of public electric vehicle charging. These decision-makers prioritized different indicators related to measurements (e.g., EV adoption rates or charge point profitability), organization (such as fast- or smart-charging), and developments (e.g., the development of mobility-service markets) using the best-worst method. The indicators within these categories were prioritized for three different scenario's in time. The results reveal that priorities will shift from EV adoption and roll-out of infrastructure to managing peak demand, using more sustainable charging techniques (such as V2G), and using sustainable energy towards 2030. Technological advancements and autonomous charging techniques will become more relevant in a later time period, around 2040. Environmental indicators (e.g., local emissions) were consistently valued low, whereas mobility indicators were valued differently across participants, indicating a lack of consensus. Smart charging was consistently valued higher than other charging techniques, independent of time period. The results also revealed that there are some distinct differences between the priorities of policymakers and service providers. Having a systematic overview of what aspects matter supports the policy discussion around EVs in the built environment.
The Vulkan real estate site in Oslo is owned by Aspelin Ramm, and includes one of the largest parking garages used for EV charging in Europe. EV charging (both AC and DC) is managed for now predominately for costs reasons but also with relevance at further EV penetration level in this car parking location (mixed EV and ICE vehicles). This neighbourhood scale SEEV4-City operational pilot (OP) has 50 22 kW flexible AC chargers with two sockets each and two DC chargers of 50 kW with both ChaDeMo and CCS outlets. All EV chargers now have a smart control (SC) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) functionality (though the latter may not be in place fully for DC chargers, as they may not be fully connected to the remote back-office system of the EV charging systems operator). A Lithium-ion Battery Energy Stationary Storage System (BESS) with a capacity of 50 kWh is pre-programmed to reduce the energy power peaks of the electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and charges at other times from the central grid (which has a generation mix of 98% from hydro-electric power, and in the region covering Oslo also 1% from wind). The inverter used in the BESS is rated at 50 kW, and is also controlled to perform phase balancing of the 3-phase supply system.
Het eerste integrale onderzoek ter wereld naar een stadsbreed, toekomstbestendig en flexibel elektriciteitssysteem. Het ROBUST project richt zich op toenemende lokale congestieproblemen in stadsregio's in samenhang met de toenemende volatiliteit in de landelijke energiemarkten.
