Dagelijks worden zeer veel voorwerpen en constructies door middel van lassen gerepareerd. Of dit altijd juist gebeurt of dat de reparatie op de juiste wijze wordt aangepakt, is veelal de vraag. Vaak is er grote tijdsdruk en daardoor nauwelijks tijd de reparatie goed uit te voeren. Er zijn voorbeelden te over waar men, zonder nadenken, tot een reparatie is overgegaan en waarvan de reparatie nog eens moest worden overgedaan. Door, voordat tot de reparatie wordt overgegaan, na te denken over de materiaalidentificatie, de oorzaak van de storing of defect en daarop in te spelen, kan op voorhand vaak al tijd en geld bespaard worden. Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is niet direct bedoeld voor het repareren van lasfouten in lasverbindingen zelf, maar meer voor andere defecten die zijn opgetreden tijdens bedrijf van het onderdeel. Hierbij moet worden gedacht aan slijtage, corrosie of combinaties van beide. Doorgaans geldt voor de reparatie van lasfouten echter dezelfde systematische aanpak als in deze publicatie besproken. Uiteraard gelden in ieder geval dezelfde eisen als voor de oorspronkelijke las. Daarnaast kan deze publicatie ook als hulpmiddel worden gebruikt bij het ontwerpen van constructies. De constructeur weet doorgaans of de constructie wordt blootgesteld aan slijtage en/of corrosie. Door een juiste keuze van de toe te passen materialen kan de schade, veroorzaakt door deze fenomenen worden beperkt. Basiskennis van de aard van de optredende slijtage en/of corrosie is dan wel een voorwaarde. Vandaar dat in deze publicatie de meest voorkomende vormen van slijtage en corrosie beknopt worden besproken. Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is bedoeld voor allen die te maken hebben of te maken krijgen met de selectie, toepassing en reparatie van oppervlaktelagen. Daarbij moet gedacht worden aan constructeurs, lastechnici, werkvoorbereiders, enzovoorts. Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is een update van de bestaande Praktijkaanbeveling TCV05 - "Reparatie door lassen" (uitgave NIL d.d. september 1999). De updating was noodzakelijk, omdat er enerzijds geen document beschikbaar was met een duidelijk overzicht van de (belangrijkste) oppervlaktedefecten slijtage en corrosie en anderzijds, omdat de ontwikkelingen in onder andere de nieuwe oplaslegeringen en oplasprocessen beperkingen (kunnen) stellen aan de uitvoering ervan. De in deze voorlichtingspublicatie genoemde slijtage- en corrosiefenomenen zijn die, welke het meeste voorkomen in de industrie. Deze belangrijke fenomenen worden in beknopte vorm behandeld. Doel van deze publicatie is dan ook basisinformatie te verschaffen over deze fenomenen en hoe ze te bestrijden.
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Voor u ligt de voorlichtingpublicatie "Corrosiebestendige en slijtvaste oppervlaktelagen, door oplassen en thermisch spuiten". Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is bedoeld voor allen die te maken hebben of krijgen met het selecteren, toepassen en aanbrengen van slijtvaste en corrosiebestendige lagen. Daarbij moet gedacht worden aan constructeurs, lastechnici, werkvoorbereiders, enzovoorts. Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is een update van de bestaande voorlichtingpublicatie VM108 uit 1997. De updating was noodzakelijk omdat de ontwikkelingen van nieuwe oplas- en thermische spuittechnieken alsook nieuwe typen bedekkingslagen en legeringen niet stil hebben gestaan.
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Dragen sociaalnetwerksites van sportverenigingen (ClubSNSs) bij aan het clubgevoel van leden? 129 leden van sportverenigingen vulden een vragenlijst in over ClubSNSs en clubgevoel. Daaruit blijkt dat leden ClubSNSs informatief, vermakelijk en interactief vinden en ClubSNSs gebruiken voor het volgen van content over sport, leden en de club. Verder blijken ClubSNSs belangrijk voor het clubgevoel van leden, doordat identificatie met de sportvereniging wordt opgebouwd.
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The background and purpose of this paper is to investigate adherence, exercise performance levels and associated factors in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients participating in a guided home-based prophylactic exercise program during and after treatment [swallowing sparing intensity modulated radiation therapy (SW-IMRT)]. Fifty patients were included in the study. Adherence was defined as the percentage of patients who kept up exercising; exercise performance level was categorized as low: ≤1, moderate: 1–2, and high: ≥2 time(s) per day, on average. Associations between 6- and 12-week exercise performance levels and age, gender, tumour site and stage, treatment, intervention format (online or booklet), number of coaching sessions, and baseline HNC symptoms (EORTC-QLQ-H&N35) were investigated. Adherence rate at 6 weeks was 70% and decreased to 38% at 12 weeks. In addition, exercise performance levels decreased over time (during 6 weeks: 34% moderate and 26% high; during 12 weeks: 28% moderate and 18% high). The addition of chemotherapy to SW-IMRT [(C)SW-IMRT] significantly deteriorated exercise performance level. Adherence to a guided home-based prophylactic exercise program was high during (C)SW-IMRT, but dropped afterwards. Exercise performance level was negatively affected by chemotherapy in combination with SW-IMRT.
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Objective: To gain insight into how communication vulnerable people and health-care professionals experience the communication in dialogue conversations, and how they adjust their conversation using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) or other communication strategies. Methods: Communication vulnerable clients and health-care professionals in a long-term care institution were observed during a dialogue conversation (n = 11) and subsequently interviewed (n = 22) about their experiences with the conversation. The clients had various communication difficulties due to different underlying aetiologies, such as acquired brain injury or learning disorder. Results from the observations and interviews were analysed using conventional content analysis. Results: Seven key themes emerged regarding the experiences of clients and professionals: clients blame themselves for miscommunications; the relevance of both parties preparing the conversation; a quiet and familiar environment benefitting communication; giving clients enough time; the importance and complexity of nonverbal communication; the need to tailor communication to the client; prejudices and inexperience regarding AAC. The observations showed that some professionals had difficulties using appropriate communication strategies and all professionals relied mostly on verbal or nonverbal communication strategies. Conclusion: Professionals were aware of the importance of preparation, sufficient time, a suitable environment and considering nonverbal communication in dialogue conversations. However, they struggled with adequate use of communication strategies, such as verbal communication and AAC. There is a lack of knowledge about AAC, and professionals and clients need to be informed about the potential of AAC and how this can help them achieve equal participation in dialogue conversations in addition to other communication strategies.
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Social media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter have millions of users logging in every day, using these platforms for commu nication, entertainment, and news consumption. These platforms adopt rules that determine how users communicate and thereby limit and shape public discourse.2 Platforms need to deal with large amounts of data generated every day. For example, as of October 2021, 4.55 billion social media users were ac tive on an average number of 6.7 platforms used each month per internet user.3 As a result, platforms were compelled to develop governance models and content moderation systems to deal with harmful and undesirable content, including disinformation. In this study: • ‘Content governance’ is defined as a set of processes, procedures, and systems that determine how a given platform plans, publishes, moder ates, and curates content. • ‘Content moderation’ is the organised practice of a social media plat form of pre-screening, removing, or labelling undesirable content to reduce the damage that inappropriate content can cause.
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Background: A large number of people participate in individual or unorganized sports on a recreational level. Furthermore, many participants drop out because of injury or lowered motivation. Potentially, physical activity–related apps could motivate people during sport participation and help them to follow and maintain a healthy active lifestyle. It remains unclear what the quality of running, cycling, and walking apps is and how it can be assessed. Quality of these apps was defined as having a positive influence on participation in recreational sports. This information will show which features need to be assessed when rating physical activity–related app quality. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify expert perception on which features are important for the effectiveness of physical activity–related apps for participation in individual, recreational sports. Methods: Data were gathered via an expert panel approach using the nominal group technique. Two expert panels were organized to identify and rank app features relevant for sport participation. Experts were researchers or professionals in the field of industrial design and information technology (technology expert panel) and in the field of behavior change, health, and human movement sciences who had affinity with physical activity–related apps (health science expert panel). Of the 24 experts who were approached, 11 (46%) agreed to participate. Each panel session consisted of three consultation rounds. The 10 most important features per expert were collected. We calculated the frequency of the top 10 features and the mean importance score per feature (0-100). The sessions were taped and transcribed verbatim; a thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data. Results: In the technology expert panel, applied feedback and feedforward (91.3) and fun (91.3) were found most important (scale 0-100). Together with flexibility and look and feel, these features were mentioned most often (all n=4 [number of experts]; importance scores=41.3 and 43.8, respectively). The experts in the health science expert panels a and b found instructional feedback (95.0), motivating or challenging (95.0), peer rating and use (92.0), motivating feedback (91.3), and monitoring or statistics (91.0) most important. Most often ranked features were monitoring or statistics, motivating feedback, works good technically, tailoring starting point, fun, usability anticipating or context awareness, and privacy (all n=3-4 [number of experts]; importance scores=16.7-95.0). The qualitative analysis resulted in four overarching themes: (1) combination behavior change, technical, and design features needed; (2) extended feedback and tailoring is advised; (3) theoretical or evidence base as standard; and (4) entry requirements related to app use. Conclusions: The results show that a variety of features, including design, technical, and behavior change, are considered important for the effectiveness of physical activity–related apps by experts from different fields of expertise. These insights may assist in the development of an improved app rating scale.
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Objective: Despite the increasing availability of eRehabilitation, its use remains limited. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with willingness to use eRehabilitation. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Subjects: Stroke patients, informal caregivers, health-care professionals. Methods: The survey included personal characteristics, willingness to use eRehabilitation (yes/no) and barri-ers/facilitators influencing this willingness (4-point scale). Barriers/facilitators were merged into factors. The association between these factors and willingness to use eRehabilitation was assessed using logistic regression analyses. Results: Overall, 125 patients, 43 informal caregivers and 105 healthcare professionals participated in the study. Willingness to use eRehabilitation was positively influenced by perceived patient benefits (e.g. reduced travel time, increased motivation, better outcomes), among patients (odds ratio (OR) 2.68; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.34–5.33), informal caregivers (OR 8.98; 95% CI 1.70–47.33) and healthcare professionals (OR 6.25; 95% CI 1.17–10.48). Insufficient knowledge decreased willingness to use eRehabilitation among pa-tients (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.17–0.74). Limitations of the study include low response rates and possible response bias. Conclusion: Differences were found between patients/informal caregivers and healthcare professionals. Ho-wever, for both groups, perceived benefits of the use of eRehabilitation facilitated willingness to use eRehabili-tation. Further research is needed to determine the benefits of such programs, and inform all users about the potential benefits, and how to use eRehabilitation. Lay Abstract The use of digital eRehabilitation after stroke (e.g. in serious games, e-consultation and education) is increasing. However, the use of eRehabilitation in daily practice is limited. As a first step in increasing the use of eRehabilitation in stroke care, this study examined which factors influence the willingness of stroke patients, informal caregivers and healthcare professionals to use eRehabilitation. Beliefs about the benefits of eRehabilitation were found to have the largest positive impact on willingness to use eRehabilitation. These benefits included reduced travel time, increased adherence to therapy or motivation, and better health outcomes. The willingness to use eRehabilitation is limited by a lack of knowledge about how to use eRehabilitation.
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The aim of this study was to identify expert perception on which features are important for the effectiveness of physical activity–related apps for participation in individual, recreational sports. This study was part of a research project 'For everyone an app?!'.
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Financially vulnerable consumers are often associated with suboptimal financial behaviors. Evaluated financial education programs so far show difficulties to effectively reach this target population. In our attempt to solve this problem, we built a behaviorally informed financial education program incorporating insights from both motivational and behavioral change theories. In a quasi-experimental field study among Dutch financially vulnerable people, we compared this program with both a control group and a traditional program group. In comparison with the control group, we found robust positive effects of the behaviorally informed program on financial skills and knowledge and self-reported financial behavior, but not on other outcomes. Additionally, we did not find evidence that the behaviorally informed program performed better than the traditional program. Finally, we discuss the findings and limitations of this study in light of the financial education literature and provide implications for policymaking and directions for future research.
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